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Temporal Logic (TL) can be used to rigorously specify complex high-level specification for systems in many engineering applications. The translation between natural language (NL) and TL has been under-explored due to the lack of dataset and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-03-25 Yongchao Chen , Rujul Gandhi , Yang Zhang , Chuchu Fan

Chain-of-thought (CoT) reasoning has enabled large language models (LLMs) to utilize additional computation through intermediate tokens to solve complex tasks. However, we posit that typical reasoning traces contain many redundant tokens,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-11 Tergel Munkhbat , Namgyu Ho , Seo Hyun Kim , Yongjin Yang , Yujin Kim , Se-Young Yun

High-level reasoning can be defined as the capability to generalize over knowledge acquired via experience, and to exhibit robust behavior in novel situations. Such form of reasoning is a basic skill in humans, who seamlessly use it in a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-15 Alessandro Oltramari

Incorporating natural language rationales in the prompt and In-Context Learning (ICL) have led to a significant improvement of Large Language Models (LLMs) performance. However, generating high-quality rationales require human-annotation or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Milan Bhan , Jean-Noel Vittaut , Nicolas Chesneau , Marie-Jeanne Lesot

The output quality of large language models (LLMs) can be improved via "reasoning": generating segments of chain-of-thought (CoT) content to further condition the model prior to producing user-facing output. While these chains contain…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Rock Yuren Pang , K. J. Kevin Feng , Shangbin Feng , Chu Li , Weijia Shi , Yulia Tsvetkov , Jeffrey Heer , Katharina Reinecke

The emergent few-shot reasoning capabilities of Large Language Models (LLMs) have excited the natural language and machine learning community over recent years. Despite of numerous successful applications, the underlying mechanism of such…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Xiaojuan Tang , Zilong Zheng , Jiaqi Li , Fanxu Meng , Song-Chun Zhu , Yitao Liang , Muhan Zhang

Recent Large Language Models (LLMs) have significantly advanced natural language processing and automated decision-making. However, these models still encounter difficulties when performing complex reasoning tasks involving logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-26 Yubo Dong , Hehe Fan

Given that natural language serves as the primary conduit for expressing thoughts and emotions, text analysis has become a key technique in psychological research. It enables the extraction of valuable insights from natural language,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-05 Yu Wang , Wen Qu

Reasoning is a fundamental cognitive process underlying inference, problem-solving, and decision-making. While large language models (LLMs) demonstrate strong reasoning capabilities in closed-world settings, they struggle in open-ended and…

This study investigates an explainable reasoning method for financial decision-making based on knowledge-enhanced large language model agents. To address the limitations of traditional financial decision methods that rely on parameterized…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Qingyuan Zhang , Yuxi Wang , Cancan Hua , Yulin Huang , Ning Lyu

Explainable Artificial Intelligence has become a crucial area of research, aiming to demystify the decision-making processes of deep learning models. Among various explainability techniques, counterfactual explanations have been proven…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Flavio Giorgi , Matteo Silvestri , Cesare Campagnano , Fabrizio Silvestri , Gabriele Tolomei

Test-time compute has emerged as a powerful paradigm for improving the performance of large language models (LLMs), where generating multiple outputs or refining individual chains can significantly boost answer accuracy. However, existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-26 Sheng Liu , Tianlang Chen , Pan Lu , Haotian Ye , Yizheng Chen , Lei Xing , James Zou

Deep Research (DR) agents extend Large Language Models (LLMs) beyond parametric knowledge by autonomously retrieving and synthesizing evidence from large web corpora into long-form reports, enabling a long-horizon agentic paradigm. However,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-02-04 Haohao Luo , Zexi Li , Yuexiang Xie , Wenhao Zhang , Yaliang Li , Ying Shen

While recent advancements in Neural Ranking Models have resulted in significant improvements over traditional statistical retrieval models, it is generally acknowledged that the use of large neural architectures and the application of…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-05-13 Sourav Saha , Harsh Agarwal , V Venktesh , Avishek Anand , Swastik Mohanty , Debapriyo Majumdar , Mandar Mitra

Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) is the standard specification language for reactive systems and is successfully applied in industrial settings. However, many shortcomings of LTL have been identified in the literature, among them the limited…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-04-30 Daniel Neider , Alexander Weinert , Martin Zimmermann

Natural language inference (NLI), also known as Recognizing Textual Entailment (RTE), is an important aspect of natural language understanding. Most research now uses machine learning and deep learning to perform this task on specific…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2024-05-03 Xuyao Feng , Anthony Hunter

Natural language inference (NLI) is among the most challenging tasks in natural language understanding. Recent work on unsupervised pretraining that leverages unsupervised signals such as language-model and sentence prediction objectives…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Tianda Li , Xiaodan Zhu , Quan Liu , Qian Chen , Zhigang Chen , Si Wei

Large reasoning models (LRMs) achieve strong performance on mathematical reasoning tasks, often attributed to their capability to generate explicit chain-of-thought (CoT) explanations. However, recent work shows that LRMs often arrive at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-20 Yihong Liu , Raoyuan Zhao , Hinrich Schütze , Michael A. Hedderich

We propose a formalization of the three-tier causal hierarchy of association, intervention, and counterfactuals as a series of probabilistic logical languages. Our languages are of strictly increasing expressivity, the first capable of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Duligur Ibeling , Thomas Icard

Recently, the Natural Language Inference (NLI) task has been studied for semi-structured tables that do not have a strict format. Although neural approaches have achieved high performance in various types of NLI, including NLI between…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-04-26 Tomoya Kurosawa , Hitomi Yanaka