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The laborious process of labeling data often bottlenecks projects that aim to leverage the power of supervised machine learning. Active Learning (AL) has been established as a technique to ameliorate this condition through an iterative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-18 Trent J. Bradberry , Christopher H. Hase , LeAnna Kent , Joel A. Góngora

Transfer Learning is an area of statistics and machine learning research that seeks answers to the following question: how do we build successful learning algorithms when the data available for training our model is qualitatively different…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-09 Brandon Tse Wei Chow

Deep learning revolution happened thanks to the availability of a massive amount of labelled data which have contributed to the development of models with extraordinary inference capabilities. Despite the public availability of a large…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-03-31 Jurandy Almeida , Cristiano Saltori , Paolo Rota , Nicu Sebe

State-of-the-art, high capacity deep neural networks not only require large amounts of labelled training data, they are also highly susceptible to label errors in this data, typically resulting in large efforts and costs and therefore…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-20 Christian Haase-Schütz , Rainer Stal , Heinz Hertlein , Bernhard Sick

To address semi-supervised learning from both labeled and unlabeled data, we present a novel meta-learning scheme. We particularly consider that labeled and unlabeled data share disjoint ground truth label sets, which can be seen tasks like…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-08-26 Yun-Chun Chen , Chao-Te Chou , Yu-Chiang Frank Wang

Due to the expensive costs of collecting labels in multi-label classification datasets, partially annotated multi-label classification has become an emerging field in computer vision. One baseline approach to this task is to assume…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-04-05 Youngwook Kim , Jae Myung Kim , Jieun Jeong , Cordelia Schmid , Zeynep Akata , Jungwoo Lee

A fundamental limitation of applying semi-supervised learning in real-world settings is the assumption that unlabeled test data contains only classes previously encountered in the labeled training data. However, this assumption rarely holds…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-27 Kaidi Cao , Maria Brbic , Jure Leskovec

Most positive and unlabeled data is subject to selection biases. The labeled examples can, for example, be selected from the positive set because they are easier to obtain or more obviously positive. This paper investigates how learning can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-01 Jessa Bekker , Pieter Robberechts , Jesse Davis

Machine learning classification systems are susceptible to poor performance when trained with incorrect ground truth labels, even when data is well-curated by expert annotators. As machine learning becomes more widespread, it is…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-16 Zan Chaudhry , Noam H. Rotenberg , Brian Caffo , Craig K. Jones , Haris I. Sair

We analyze a reversed-supervision strategy that searches over labelings of a large unlabeled set \(B\) to minimize error on a small labeled set \(A\). The search space is \(2^n\), and the resulting complexity remains exponential even under…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Masoud Makrehchi

Given an unlabeled dataset and an annotation budget, we study how to selectively label a fixed number of instances so that semi-supervised learning (SSL) on such a partially labeled dataset is most effective. We focus on selecting the right…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-24 Xudong Wang , Long Lian , Stella X. Yu

Real-world data is frequently noisy and ambiguous. In crowdsourcing, for example, human annotators may assign conflicting class labels to the same instances. Partial-label learning (PLL) addresses this challenge by training classifiers when…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-12 Tobias Fuchs , Nadja Klein

Labeled datasets reflect the biases of their annotation pipelines, which sometimes introduce label bias: group-conditional label errors that cause systematic performance disparities across demographic subgroups. Label bias in image…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Aditya Parikh , Stella Frank , Sneha Das , Aasa Feragen

Semi-supervised anomaly detection is a common problem, as often the datasets containing anomalies are partially labeled. We propose a canonical framework: Semi-supervised Pseudo-labeler Anomaly Detection with Ensembling (SPADE) that isn't…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Jinsung Yoon , Kihyuk Sohn , Chun-Liang Li , Sercan O. Arik , Tomas Pfister

As the number of applications that use machine learning algorithms increases, the need for labeled data useful for training such algorithms intensifies. Getting labels typically involves employing humans to do the annotation, which directly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2013-07-16 Alexandros Ntoulas , Omar Alonso , Vasilis Kandylas

Instead of using expensive manual annotations, researchers have proposed to train named entity recognition (NER) systems using heuristic labeling rules. However, devising labeling rules is challenging because it often requires a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-04-14 Xinyan Zhao , Haibo Ding , Zhe Feng

Annotating datasets is one of the main costs in nowadays supervised learning. The goal of weak supervision is to enable models to learn using only forms of labelling which are cheaper to collect, as partial labelling. This is a type of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-02 Vivien Cabannes , Alessandro Rudi , Francis Bach

Semi-supervised learning has attracted significant attention due to the proliferation of applications featuring limited labeled data but abundant unlabeled data. In this paper, we examine the statistical inference problem in an…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-31 Chao Ying , Siyi Deng , Yang Ning , Jiwei Zhao , Heping Zhang

High-quality data is crucial for the success of machine learning, but labeling large datasets is often a time-consuming and costly process. While semi-supervised learning can help mitigate the need for labeled data, label quality remains an…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Lars Schmarje , Vasco Grossmann , Tim Michels , Jakob Nazarenus , Monty Santarossa , Claudius Zelenka , Reinhard Koch

Transfer learning is a proven technique in 2D computer vision to leverage the large amount of data available and achieve high performance with datasets limited in size due to the cost of acquisition or annotation. In 3D, annotation is known…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2023-03-22 Jules Sanchez , Jean-Emmanuel Deschaud , François Goulette