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Related papers: The sub-Eddington boundary for the quasar mass-lum…

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One of the most pressing questions in cosmology is how the black holes (BHs) powering quasars at high redshift grow to supermassive scales within a billion years of the Big Bang. Here we show that sustained super-Eddington accretion can be…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-08-31 Jarrett Lawrence Johnson , Phoebe R. Upton Sanderbeck

Non-steady and eruptive phenomena in quasars are thought to be associated with the Eddington or super-Eddington luminous stage. Although there is no lack in hypotheses about the total duration of such a stage, the latter remains essentially…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-10-31 V. I. Dokuchaev , Yu. N. Eroshenko , L. M. Ozernoy

Using a new large-scale (~ 0.75 Gpc)^3 hydrodynamic cosmological simulation we investigate the growth rate of supermassive black holes in the early universe (z > 4.75). Remarkably, we find a clear peak in the typical Eddington ratio at…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Colin DeGraf , Tiziana Di Matteo , Nishikanta Khandai , Rupert Croft

With the recent discoveries of massive and highly luminous quasars at high redshifts ($z\sim7$; e.g. Mortlock et al. 2011), the question of how black holes (BHs) grow in the early Universe has been cast in a new light. In order to grow BHs…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2019-03-19 M. Brightman , M. Bachetti , H. P. Earnshaw , F. Fürst , J. García , B. Grefenstette , M. Heida , E. Kara , K. K. Madsen , M. J. Middleton , D. Stern , F. Tombesi , D. J. Walton

We present a simple semi-numerical model designed to explore black hole growth and galaxy evolution. This method builds on a previous model for black hole accretion that uses a semi-numerical galaxy formation model and universal Eddington…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-09-04 Mackenzie L. Jones , R. C. Hickox , S. J. Mutch , D. J. Croton , A. F. Ptak , M. A. DiPompeo

Virial black-hole mass estimates are presented for 12698 quasars in the redshift interval 0.1<z<2.1, based on modelling of spectra from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey (SDSS) first data release . The black-hole masses of the SDSS quasars are…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-10 R. J. McLure , J. S. Dunlop

Previous work on the quasar mass-luminosity plane indicates the possibility that quasars of the same central black hole mass might follow a common evolutionary track, independent of the properties of the host galaxy. We consider two simple…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-27 Charles L. Steinhardt , Martin Elvis , Mihail Amarie

Eddington ratio is a paramount parameter governing the accretion history and life cycles of Active Galactic Nuclei (AGNs). This short review presents a multi-faceted view of the importance of the Eddington ratio spanning varied AGN studies.…

The discovery of quasars and their supermassive black holes (SMBHs) over $10^{9} M_{\odot}$ merely hundreds of millions of years after the Big Bang generates tension with the idea of Eddington-limited accretion and pressures the community…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-07-14 Jackson Frangos , Erick Rosen , Michael Williams , Chandra B. Singh , David Garofalo

Super-Eddington accretion is a crucial phase in the growth of supermassive black holes. However, identifying super-Eddington accreting quasars observationally is challenging due to uncertain black-hole mass estimates and other…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-10-29 Ying Chen , Bin Luo , Jian Huang

A landmark of accretion processes in active galactic nuclei (AGN) is the continuum originating from a complex structure, i.e., an accretion disk and a corona around a supermassive black hole. Modelling the broad-band spectral energy…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2023-05-11 Swayamtrupta Panda , Paola Marziani

The Eddington ratio ($\lambda_{\rm Edd}$) of supermassive black holes (SMBHs) is a fundamental parameter that governs the cosmic growth of SMBHs. Although gas mass accretion onto SMBHs is sustained when they are surrounded by large amounts…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-05-23 Takuma Izumi

Type 2 quasars are an important constituent of active galaxies, possibly representing the evolutionary precursors of traditionally studied type 1 quasars. We characterize the black hole mass ($M_{\rm BH}$) and Eddington ratio ($L_{\rm…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2018-06-13 Minzhi Kong , Luis C. Ho

Accretion processes in quasars and active galactic nuclei are still poorly understood, especially as far as the connection between observed spectral properties and physical parameters is concerned. Quasars show an additional degree of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2007-05-23 Paola Marziani , Deborah Dultzin-Hacyan , Jack W. Sulentic

We develop a broadband spectral model, agnsli}, to describe super-Eddington black hole accretion disc spectra. This is based on the slim disc emissivity, where radial advection keeps the surface luminosity at the local Eddington limit,…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2019-08-30 Aya Kubota , Chris Done

We use 62,185 quasars from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey DR5 sample and standard virial mass scaling laws based on the widths of H beta, Mg II, and C IV lines and adjacent continuum luminosities to explore the maximum mass of quasars as a…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-05-14 Charles L. Steinhardt , Martin Elvis

We develop semi-empirical models of the supermassive black hole and active galactic nucleus (AGN) populations, which incorporate the black hole growth implied by the observed AGN luminosity function assuming a radiative efficiency \epsilon,…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-03 Francesco Shankar , David H. Weinberg , Jordi Miralda-Escude'

We analyze the observed distribution of Eddington ratios as a function of supermassive black hole mass for a large sample of nearby galaxies drawn from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey. We demonstrate that there are two distinct regimes of…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Guinevere Kauffmann , Timothy M. Heckman

Quasars (QSOs) emit an enormous amount of light as a result of the accretion of gas onto supermassive black holes (SMBHs). Thanks to their luminosity, the most distant known QSOs allow us to trace the growth of SMBHs deep into the epoch of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2025-12-22 B. Trefoloni , E. Nardini , S. Carniani , E. Lusso , A. Marconi , E. Parlanti , A. Sacchi , A. Shlentsova , M. Signorini , G. Risaliti , S. Zamora

Super-Eddington mass accretion has been suggested as an efficient mechanism to grow supermassive black holes (SMBHs). We investigate the imprint left by the radiative efficiency of the super-Eddington accretion process on the clustering of…