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Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has become a very popular technique in machine learning because it automatically extracts meaningful features through a sparse and part-based representation. However, NMF has the drawback of being…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2012-12-07 Nicolas Gillis

In this paper, we study the nonnegative matrix factorization problem under the separability assumption (that is, there exists a cone spanned by a small subset of the columns of the input nonnegative data matrix containing all columns),…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2014-04-07 Nicolas Gillis , Stephen A. Vavasis

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is a useful method to extract features from multivariate data, but an important and sometimes neglected concern is that NMF can result in non-unique solutions. Often, there exist a Set of Feasible…

Applications · Statistics 2021-01-20 Ragnhild Laursen , Asger Hobolth

Semi-Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (semi-NMF) extends classical Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (NMF) by allowing the basis matrix to contain both positive and negative entries, making it suitable for decomposing data with mixed signs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-12 Lu Chenggang

Non-negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is one of the most popular techniques for data representation and clustering, and has been widely used in machine learning and data analysis. NMF concentrates the features of each sample into a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-26 Mulin Chen , Maoguo Gong , Xuelong Li

Given a collection of data points, non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) suggests to express them as convex combinations of a small set of `archetypes' with non-negative entries. This decomposition is unique only if the true archetypes…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-05-09 Hamid Javadi , Andrea Montanari

Non-Negative Matrix Factorization (NMF) is an unsupervised learning method offering low-rank representations across various domains such as audio processing, biomedical signal analysis, and image recognition. The incorporation of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-09 Yasaman Torabi , Shahram Shirani , James P. Reilly

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is an important tool in signal processing and widely used to separate mixed sources into their components. Algorithms for NMF require that the user choose the number of components in advance, and if…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-10 Youdong Guo , Timothy E. Holy

A novel non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) based subband decomposition in frequency spatial domain for acoustic source localization using a microphone array is introduced. The proposed method decomposes source and noise subband and…

Sound · Computer Science 2016-10-18 Suwon Shon , Seongkyu Mun , David Han , Hanseok Ko

Coupled Matrix Tensor Factorization (CMTF) facilitates the integration and analysis of multiple data sources and helps discover meaningful information. Nonnegative CMTF (N-CMTF) has been employed in many applications for identifying latent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-10 Thirunavukarasu Balasubramaniam , Richi Nayak , Chau Yuen

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) has become a workhorse for signal and data analytics, triggered by its model parsimony and interpretability. Perhaps a bit surprisingly, the understanding to its model identifiability---the major…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-03-27 Xiao Fu , Kejun Huang , Nicholas D. Sidiropoulos , Wing-Kin Ma

Given a matrix $M$ (not necessarily nonnegative) and a factorization rank $r$, semi-nonnegative matrix factorization (semi-NMF) looks for a matrix $U$ with $r$ columns and a nonnegative matrix $V$ with $r$ rows such that $UV$ is the best…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2015-10-28 Nicolas Gillis , Abhishek Kumar

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) is a common method for generating topic models from text data. NMF is widely accepted for producing good results despite its relative simplicity of implementation and ease of computation. One…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-08-09 Brendan Gavin , Vijay Gadepally , Jeremy Kepner

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a relatively new unsupervised learning algorithm that decomposes a nonnegative data matrix into a parts-based, lower dimensional, linear representation of the data. NMF has applications in image…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-08 Matthew Corsetti , Ernest Fokoué

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a popular dimension reduction technique that produces interpretable decomposition of the data into parts. However, this decompostion is not generally identifiable (even up to permutation and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-04-05 W. Pan , F. Doshi-Velez

Nonnegative matrix factorization (NMF) is a powerful class of feature extraction techniques that has been successfully applied in many fields, namely in signal and image processing. Current NMF techniques have been limited to a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2015-01-26 Paul Honeine , Fei Zhu

Non-negative matrix factorization (NMF) and its variants have been widely employed in clustering and classification tasks (Long, & Jian , 2021). However, noises can seriously affect the results of our experiments. Our research is dedicated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Cheng Zeng , Jiaqi Tian , Yixuan Xu

Symmetric Nonnegative Matrix Factorization (SymNMF) is a technique in data analysis and machine learning that approximates a symmetric matrix with a product of a nonnegative, low-rank matrix and its transpose. To design faster and more…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-02 Koby Hayashi , Sinan G. Aksoy , Grey Ballard , Haesun Park

Auscultation provides a rich diversity of information to diagnose cardiovascular and respiratory diseases. However, sound auscultation is challenging due to noise. In this study, a modified version of the affine non-negative matrix…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-27 Yasaman Torabi , Shahram Shirani , James P. Reilly

Collaborative filtering generates recommendations by exploiting user-item similarities based on rating data, which often contains numerous unrated items. To predict scores for unrated items, matrix factorization techniques such as…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-07-30 Yukino Terui , Yuka Inoue , Yohei Hamakawa , Kosuke Tatsumura , Kazue Kudo