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The committor function is a central object for quantifying the transitions between metastable states of dynamical systems. Recently, a number of computational methods based on deep neural networks have been developed for computing the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2024-04-10 Bo Lin , Weiqing Ren

The committor functions are central to investigating rare but important events in molecular simulations. It is known that computing the committor function suffers from the curse of dimensionality. Recently, using neural networks to estimate…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-28 Yueyang Wang , Kejun Tang , Xili Wang , Xiaoliang Wan , Weiqing Ren , Chao Yang

The probability that a configuration of a physical system reacts, or transitions from one metastable state to another, is quantified by the committor function. This function contains richly detailed mechanistic information about transition…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2024-08-13 Andrew R. Mitchell , Grant M. Rotskoff

The problem of studying rare events is central to many areas of computer simulations. In a recent paper [Kang, P., et al., Nat. Comput. Sci. 4, 451-460, 2024], we have shown that a powerful way of solving this problem passes through the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Enrico Trizio , Peilin Kang , Michele Parrinello

The study of rare events is one of the major challenges in atomistic simulations, and several enhanced sampling methods towards its solution have been proposed. Recently, it has been suggested that the use of the committor, which provides a…

Computational Physics · Physics 2025-10-23 Peilin Kang , Jintu Zhang , Enrico Trizio , TingJun Hou , Michele Parrinello

A central object in the computational studies of rare events is the committor function. Though costly to compute, the committor function encodes complete mechanistic information of the processes involving rare events, including reaction…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2022-11-23 Muhammad R. Hasyim , Clay H. Batton , Kranthi K. Mandadapu

We propose a novel approach for computing committor functions, which describe transitions of a stochastic process between metastable states. The committor function satisfies a backward Kolmogorov equation, and in typical high-dimensional…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2021-08-04 Yian Chen , Jeremy Hoskins , Yuehaw Khoo , Michael Lindsey

Determining the kinetic bottlenecks that make transitions between metastable states difficult is key to understanding important physical problems like crystallization, chemical reactions, or protein folding. In all these phenomena, the…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-03 Peilin Kang , Enrico Trizio , Michele Parrinello

Atomistic simulations are widely used to investigate reactive processes but are often limited by the rare event problem due to kinetic bottlenecks. We recently introduced an enhanced sampling approach based on the committor function,…

Computational Physics · Physics 2026-03-02 Enrico Trizio , Giorgia Rossi , Michele Parrinello

As an optimal one-dimensional reaction coordinate, the committor function not only describes the probability of a trajectory initiated at a phase space point first reaching the product state before reaching the reactant state, but also…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2024-10-08 Xiaojun Ji , Ru Wang , Hao Wang , Wenjian Liu

Transition path theory (TPT) offers a powerful formalism for extracting the rate and mechanism of rare dynamical transitions between metastable states. Most applications of TPT either focus on systems with modestly sized state spaces or use…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2026-01-14 Nils E. Strand , Schuyler B. Nicholson , Hadrien Vroylandt , Todd R. Gingrich

Rare events play a crucial role in many physics, chemistry, and biology phenomena, when they change the structure of the system, for instance in the case of multistability, or when they have a huge impact. Rare event algorithms have been…

Dynamical Systems · Mathematics 2022-08-24 Dario Lucente , Joran Rolland , Corentin Herbert , Freddy Bouchet

Rare events such as conformational changes in biomolecules, phase transitions, and chemical reactions are central to the behavior of many physical systems, yet they are extremely difficult to study computationally because unbiased…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-04-16 Yuanqi Du , Jiajun He , Dinghuai Zhang , Eric Vanden-Eijnden , Carles Domingo-Enrich

Many processes in nature such as conformal changes in biomolecules and clusters of interacting particles, genetic switches, mechanical or electromechanical oscillators with added noise, and many others are modeled using stochastic…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-13 Jiaxin Yuan , Amar Shah , Channing Bentz , Maria Cameron

In the study of stochastic systems, the committor function describes the probability that a system starting from an initial configuration $x$ will reach a set $B$ before a set $A$. This paper introduces an efficient and interpretable…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2024-08-13 D. Aristoff , M. Johnson , G. Simpson , R. J. Webber

In this note we propose a method based on artificial neural network to study the transition between states governed by stochastic processes. In particular, we aim for numerical schemes for the committor function, the central object of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-01 Yuehaw Khoo , Jianfeng Lu , Lexing Ying

We study the problem of predicting rare critical transition events for a class of slow-fast nonlinear dynamical systems. The state of the system of interest is described by a slow process, whereas a faster process drives its evolution and…

Computational Physics · Physics 2020-12-14 Soon Hoe Lim , Ludovico Theo Giorgini , Woosok Moon , J. S. Wettlaufer

Computing long-timescale kinetics of biomolecular processes remains a major challenge for atomistic simulations. A way out is to exploit local kinetic information to construct the global stationary flux across the reaction space. The…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2026-05-19 Ru Wang , Xiaojun Ji , Hao Wang , Wenjian Liu

This contribution introduces a neural-network-based approach to discover meaningful transition pathways underlying complex biomolecular transformations in coherence with the committor function. The proposed path-committor-consistent…

Transition path theory (TPT) is a mathematical framework for quantifying rare transition events between a pair of selected metastable states $A$ and $B$. Central to TPT is the committor function, which describes the probability to hit the…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2026-01-22 Zezheng Song , Maria K. Cameron , Haizhao Yang
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