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The success of deep learning depends on large-scale and well-curated training data, while data in real-world applications are commonly long-tailed and noisy. Many methods have been proposed to deal with long-tailed data or noisy data, while…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-05-30 Lefan Zhang , Zhang-Hao Tian , Wujun Zhou , Wei Wang

Real-world data is often unbalanced and long-tailed, but deep models struggle to recognize rare classes in the presence of frequent classes. To address unbalanced data, most studies try balancing the data, the loss, or the classifier to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Dvir Samuel , Gal Chechik

We offer a survey of recent results on covariance estimation for heavy-tailed distributions. By unifying ideas scattered in the literature, we propose user-friendly methods that facilitate practical implementation. Specifically, we…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-03-12 Yuan Ke , Stanislav Minsker , Zhao Ren , Qiang Sun , Wen-Xin Zhou

Accurate quantification of uncertainty in neural network predictions remains a central challenge for scientific applications involving high-dimensional, correlated data. While existing methods capture either aleatoric or epistemic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Harrison J. Goldwyn , Mitchell Krock , Johann Rudi , Daniel Getter , Julie Bessac

For highly skewed or fat-tailed distributions, mean or median-based methods often fail to capture the central tendencies in the data. Despite being a viable alternative, estimating the conditional mode given certain covariates (or mode…

Econometrics · Economics 2024-12-10 Eduardo Schirmer Finn , Eduardo Horta

In this paper, we propose a uniformly dithered 1-bit quantization scheme for high-dimensional statistical estimation. The scheme contains truncation, dithering, and quantization as typical steps. As canonical examples, the quantization…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-23 Junren Chen , Cheng-Long Wang , Michael K. Ng , Di Wang

We investigate high-dimensional sparse regression when both the noise and the design matrix exhibit heavy-tailed behavior. Standard algorithms typically fail in this regime, as heavy-tailed covariates distort the empirical risk geometry. We…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-12 Kaiyuan Zhou , Xiaoyu Zhang , Wenyang Zhang , Di Wang

Big data can easily be contaminated by outliers or contain variables with heavy-tailed distributions, which makes many conventional methods inadequate. To address this challenge, we propose the adaptive Huber regression for robust…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-11 Qiang Sun , Wenxin Zhou , Jianqing Fan

$\ell_1$-penalized quantile regression is widely used for analyzing high-dimensional data with heterogeneity. It is now recognized that the $\ell_1$-penalty introduces non-negligible estimation bias, while a proper use of concave…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-09-14 Kean Ming Tan , Lan Wang , Wen-Xin Zhou

High-dimensional covariance estimation is notoriously sensitive to outliers. While statistically optimal estimators exist for general heavy-tailed distributions, they often rely on computationally expensive techniques like semidefinite…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-06 Even He

This paper investigates the asymptotic properties of quantile regression estimators in linear models, with a particular focus on polynomial regressors and robustness to heavy-tailed noise. Under independent and identically distributed…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-09 Saïd Maanan , Azzouz Dermoune , Ahmed El Ghini

In this paper, we develop connections between two seemingly disparate, but central, models in robust statistics: Huber's epsilon-contamination model and the heavy-tailed noise model. We provide conditions under which this connection…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-07-03 Adarsh Prasad , Sivaraman Balakrishnan , Pradeep Ravikumar

Distributed statistical learning problems arise commonly when dealing with large datasets. In this setup, datasets are partitioned over machines, which compute locally, and communicate short messages. Communication is often the bottleneck.…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2022-10-25 Edgar Dobriban , Yue Sheng

Gradient compression has surfaced as a key technique to address the challenge of communication efficiency in distributed learning. In distributed deep learning, however, it is observed that gradient distributions are heavy-tailed, with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-07 Guangfeng Yan , Tan Li , Yuanzhang Xiao , Hanxu Hou , Linqi Song

The increased availability of massive data sets provides a unique opportunity to discover subtle patterns in their distributions, but also imposes overwhelming computational challenges. To fully utilize the information contained in big…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-04-12 Stanislav Volgushev , Shih-Kang Chao , Guang Cheng

We investigate robust nonparametric regression in the presence of heavy-tailed noise, where the hypothesis class may contain unbounded functions and robustness is ensured via a robust loss function $\ell_\sigma$. Using Huber regression as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Yunlong Feng , Qiang Wu

Real-world data is laden with outlying values. The challenge for machine learning is that the learner typically has no prior knowledge of whether the feedback it receives (losses, gradients, etc.) will be heavy-tailed or not. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-16 Matthew J. Holland

We study efficient algorithms for linear regression and covariance estimation in the absence of Gaussian assumptions on the underlying distributions of samples, making assumptions instead about only finitely-many moments. We focus on how…

We use bias-reduced estimators of high quantiles, of heavy-tailed distributions, to introduce a new estimator of the mean in the case of infinite second moment. The asymptotic normality of the proposed estimator is established and checked,…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-05-09 Brahim Brahimi , Djamel Meraghni , Abdelhakim Necir , Djabrane Yahia

Residual variance and the signal-to-noise ratio are important quantities in many statistical models and model fitting procedures. They play an important role in regression diagnostics, in determining the performance limits in estimation and…

Methodology · Statistics 2012-09-04 Lee H. Dicker