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Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) and its variants, such as ADAM, are foundational to deep learning optimization, adjusting model parameters through fixed or adaptive learning rates based on loss function gradients. However, these methods…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-25 Ben Keslaki

Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is arguably the most popular of the machine learning methods applied to training deep neural networks (DNN) today. It has recently been demonstrated that SGD can be statistically biased so that certain…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-09-21 Andrew J. R. Simpson

In the context of distributed deep learning, the issue of stale weights or gradients could result in poor algorithmic performance. This issue is usually tackled by delay tolerant algorithms with some mild assumptions on the objective…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-28 Haoxiang Wang , Zhanhong Jiang , Chao Liu , Soumik Sarkar , Dongxiang Jiang , Young M. Lee

Starting from finding approximate value of a function, introduces the measure of approximation-degree between two numerical values, proposes the concepts of "strict approximation" and "strict approximation region", then, derives the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-27 Shiyou Lian

Reinforcement learning (RL) suffers from severe sample inefficiency, especially during early training, requiring extensive environmental interactions to perform competently. Existing methods tend to solve this by incorporating prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-29 Wenjun Cao

Given the high economic and environmental costs of using large vision or language models, analog in-memory accelerators present a promising solution for energy-efficient AI. While inference on analog accelerators has been studied recently,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-19 Zhaoxian Wu , Tayfun Gokmen , Malte J. Rasch , Tianyi Chen

Physics-informed neural networks (PINNs) have effectively been demonstrated in solving forward and inverse differential equation problems, but they are still trapped in training failures when the target functions to be approximated exhibit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-06 Ye Li , Song-Can Chen , Sheng-Jun Huang

Though deep neural networks exhibit superior performance on various tasks, they are still plagued by adversarial examples. Adversarial training has been demonstrated to be the most effective method to defend against adversarial attacks.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-11-04 Xin Liu , Yichen Yang , Kun He , John E. Hopcroft

At the heart of the standard deep learning training loop is a greedy gradient step minimizing a given loss. We propose to add a second step to maximize training generalization. To do this, we optimize the loss of the next training step.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-08 Samuel Müller , André Biedenkapp , Frank Hutter

Overparameterization in deep learning typically refers to settings where a trained neural network (NN) has representational capacity to fit the training data in many ways, some of which generalize well, while others do not. In the case of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-24 Edo Cohen-Karlik , Itamar Menuhin-Gruman , Raja Giryes , Nadav Cohen , Amir Globerson

Dynamic DNN optimization techniques such as layer-skipping offer increased adaptability and efficiency gains but can lead to i) a larger memory footprint as in decision gates, ii) increased training complexity (e.g., with non-differentiable…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-26 Guilherme Korol , Antonio Carlos Schneider Beck , Jeronimo Castrillon

Generative adversarial imitation learning (GAIL) demonstrates tremendous success in practice, especially when combined with neural networks. Different from reinforcement learning, GAIL learns both policy and reward function from expert…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-26 Yufeng Zhang , Qi Cai , Zhuoran Yang , Zhaoran Wang

Gradient descent has been a central training principle for artificial neural networks from the early beginnings to today's deep learning networks. The most common implementation is the backpropagation algorithm for training feed-forward…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-06-09 Stefan Jaeger

The training of machine learning models is typically carried out using some form of gradient descent, often with great success. However, non-asymptotic analyses of first-order optimization algorithms typically employ a gradient smoothness…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-18 Thomas Flynn

We propose deep parameter interpolation (DPI), a general-purpose method for transforming an existing deep neural network architecture into one that accepts an additional scalar input. Recent deep generative models, including diffusion…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-11-27 Chicago Y. Park , Michael T. McCann , Cristina Garcia-Cardona , Brendt Wohlberg , Ulugbek S. Kamilov

The learning rate is a crucial hyperparameter in deep learning, with its ideal value depending on the problem and potentially changing during training. In this paper, we investigate the practical utility of adaptive learning rate mechanisms…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-08 Asma Atamna , Tom Maus , Fabian Kievelitz , Tobias Glasmachers

We present multiplexed gradient descent (MGD), a gradient descent framework designed to easily train analog or digital neural networks in hardware. MGD utilizes zero-order optimization techniques for online training of hardware neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-08-17 Adam N. McCaughan , Bakhrom G. Oripov , Natesh Ganesh , Sae Woo Nam , Andrew Dienstfrey , Sonia M. Buckley

Data parallelism has become the de facto standard for training Deep Neural Network on multiple processing units. In this work we propose DC-S3GD, a decentralized (without Parameter Server) stale-synchronous version of the Delay-Compensated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-07 Alessandro Rigazzi

Recently many first and second order variants of SGD have been proposed to facilitate training of Deep Neural Networks (DNNs). A common limitation of these works stem from the fact that they use the same learning rate across all instances…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-31 Shreyas Saxena , Nidhi Vyas , Dennis DeCoste

Stochastic Gradient Decent (SGD) is one of the core techniques behind the success of deep neural networks. The gradient provides information on the direction in which a function has the steepest rate of change. The main problem with basic…