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Related papers: EKT: Exercise-aware Knowledge Tracing for Student …

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Knowledge tracing (KT) is the problem of predicting students' future performance based on their historical interactions with intelligent tutoring systems. Recently, many works present lots of special methods for applying deep neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-24 Zitao Liu , Qiongqiong Liu , Jiahao Chen , Shuyan Huang , Weiqi Luo

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a critical task in online education systems, aiming to monitor students' knowledge states throughout a learning period. Common KT approaches involve predicting the probability of a student correctly answering the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-06-09 Yuquan Xie , Shengtao Peng , Wanqi Yang , Ming Yang , Yang Gao

Knowledge tracing (KT) models are a popular approach for predicting students' future performance at practice problems using their prior attempts. Though many innovations have been made in KT, most models including the state-of-the-art Deep…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2022-06-09 Yang Shi , Min Chi , Tiffany Barnes , Thomas Price

Knowledge Tracing (KT) aims to predict a student's future performance based on their sequence of interactions with learning content. Many KT models rely on knowledge concepts (KCs), which represent the skills required for each item.…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2025-08-26 Yahya Badran , Christine Preisach

In Intelligent Tutoring System (ITS), tracing the student's knowledge state during learning has been studied for several decades in order to provide more supportive learning instructions. In this paper, we propose a novel model for…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Sein Minn , Yi Yu , Michel C. Desmarais , Feida Zhu , Jill Jenn Vie

Knowledge tracing is the task of predicting a learner's future performance based on the history of the learner's performance. Current knowledge tracing models are built based on an extensive set of data that are collected from multiple…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-01-19 Sujanya Suresh , Savitha Ramasamy , P. N. Suganthan , Cheryl Sze Yin Wong

Designed to track changes in students' knowledge status and predict their future answers based on students' historical answer records. Current research on KT modeling focuses on predicting future student performance based on existing,…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-12-18 Lixiang Xu , Xianwei Ding , Xin Yuan , Zhanlong Wang , Lu Bai , Enhong Chen , Philip S. Yu , Yuanyan Tang

The knowledge replay technique has been widely used in many tasks such as continual learning and continuous domain adaptation. The key lies in how to effectively encode the knowledge extracted from previous data and replay them during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Yingying Zhang , Qiaoyong Zhong , Di Xie , Shiliang Pu

Knowledge tracing (KT) defines the task of predicting whether students can correctly answer questions based on their historical response. Although much research has been devoted to exploiting the question information, plentiful advanced…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-12-10 Yunfei Liu , Yang Yang , Xianyu Chen , Jian Shen , Haifeng Zhang , Yong Yu

Student performance prediction is one of the most important subjects in educational data mining. As a modern technology, machine learning offers powerful capabilities in feature extraction and data modeling, providing essential support for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-06 Yawen Chen , Jiande Sun , Jinhui Wang , Liang Zhao , Xinmin Song , Linbo Zhai

Knowledge Tracing (KT) is a critical technique for modeling student knowledge to support personalized learning. However, most KT systems focus on binary correctness prediction and cannot diagnose the underlying conceptual misunderstandings…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-26 Yu-Chen Kang , Yu-Chien Tang , An-Zi Yen

Knowledge tracing (KT) plays a crucial role in predicting students' future performance by analyzing their historical learning processes. Deep neural networks (DNNs) have shown great potential in solving the KT problem. However, there still…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Hengyuan Zhang , Zitao Liu , Chenming Shang , Dawei Li , Yong Jiang

Knowledge tracing (KT) aims to leverage students' learning histories to estimate their mastery levels on a set of pre-defined skills, based on which the corresponding future performance can be accurately predicted. As an important way of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-06-07 Fucai Ke , Weiqing Wang , Weicong Tan , Lan Du , Yuan Jin , Yujin Huang , Hongzhi Yin

Analyzing and evaluating students' progress in any learning environment is stressful and time consuming if done using traditional analysis methods. This is further exasperated by the increasing number of students due to the shift of focus…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-02-06 Abdallah Moubayed , MohammadNoor Injadat , Nouh Alhindawi , Ghassan Samara , Sara Abuasal , Raed Alazaidah

Large language models (LLMs) can acquire strong code-generation capabilities through few-shot learning. In contrast, supervised fine-tuning is still needed for smaller models to achieve good performance. Such fine-tuning demands a large…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-09 Zhangir Azerbayev , Ansong Ni , Hailey Schoelkopf , Dragomir Radev

Knowledge tracing (KT) models aim to predict students' future performance based on their historical interactions. Most existing KT models rely exclusively on human-defined knowledge concepts (KCs) associated with exercises. As a result, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Yahya Badran , Christine Preisach

Knowledge Tracing (KT), which aims to model student knowledge level and predict their performance, is one of the most important applications of user modeling. Modern KT approaches model and maintain an up-to-date state of student knowledge…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Chunpai Wang , Shaghayegh Sahebi , Siqian Zhao , Peter Brusilovsky , Laura O. Moraes

Academic performance prediction aims to leverage student-related information to predict their future academic outcomes, which is beneficial to numerous educational applications, such as personalized teaching and academic early warning. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-23 Chaoran Cui , Jian Zong , Yuling Ma , Xinhua Wang , Lei Guo , Meng Chen , Yilong Yin

Adaptive learning technology solutions often use a learner model to trace learning and make pedagogical decisions. The present research introduces a formalized methodology for specifying learner models, Logistic Knowledge Tracing (LKT),…

Applications · Statistics 2021-12-14 Philip I. Pavlik, , Luke G. Eglington , Leigh M. Harrell-Williams

Early-exit neural networks enable adaptive inference by allowing predictions at intermediate layers, reducing computational cost. However, early exits often lack interpretability and may focus on different features than deeper layers,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Yanhua Zhao