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The binding number of a graph $G$, written as $\mbox{bind}(G)$, is defined by $$ \mbox{bind}(G)=\min\left\{\frac{|N_G(X)|}{|X|}:\emptyset\neq X\subseteq V(G),N_G(X)\neq V(G)\right\}. $$ A graph $G$ is called $r$-binding if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-07-11 Jiancheng Wu , Sizhong Zhou

We establish mild conditions under which a possibly irregular, sparse graph $G$ has "many" strong orientations. Given a graph $G$ on $n$ vertices, orient each edge in either direction with probability $1/2$ independently. We show that if…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-04-11 Sinan Aksoy , Paul Horn

Let $G$ be a graph and $\mathcal{K}_G$ be the set of all cliques of $G$, then the clique graph of G denoted by $K(G)$ is the graph with vertex set $\mathcal{K}_G$ and two elements $Q_i,Q_j \in \mathcal{K}_G$ form an edge if and only if $Q_i…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-08-18 S. M. Hegde , V. V. P. R. V. B. Suresh Dara

The parameter $q(G)$ of an $n$-vertex graph $G$ is the minimum number of distinct eigenvalues over the family of symmetric matrices described by $G$. We show that all $G$ with $e(\overline{G}) = |E(\overline{G})| \leq \lfloor n/2 \rfloor…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-11-21 Wayne Barrett , Shaun Fallat , Veronika Furst , Shahla Nasserasr , Brendan Rooney , Michael Tait

Flip graphs of non-crossing configurations in the plane are widely studied objects, e.g., flip graph of triangulations, spanning trees, Hamiltonian cycles, and perfect matchings. Typically, it is an easy exercise to prove connectivity of a…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2024-07-08 Linda Kleist , Peter Kramer , Christian Rieck

It is known that every proper minor-closed class of graphs has bounded stack-number (a.k.a. book thickness and page number). While this includes notable graph families such as planar graphs and graphs of bounded genus, many other graph…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2016-08-24 Vida Dujmović , Fabrizio Frati

A graph is $k$-gap-planar if it has a drawing in the plane such that every crossing can be charged to one of the two edges involved so that at most $k$ crossings are charged to each edge. We show this class of graphs has linear expansion.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-10-21 David R. Wood

A drawing of a graph is fan-planar if the edges intersecting a common edge $a$ share a vertex $A$ on the same side of $a$. More precisely, orienting $e$ arbitrarily and the other edges towards $A$ results in a consistent orientation of the…

Computational Geometry · Computer Science 2021-08-31 Boris Klemz , Kristin Knorr , Meghana M. Reddy , Felix Schröder

An even factor of $G$ is a spanning subgraph $F$ such that every vertex in $F$ has a nonzero even degree. Note that $\delta(G)\geq2$ is a trivial necessary condition for a graph to have an even factor, where $\delta(G)$ is the minimum…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-22 Caili Jia , Yong Lu

A fractional matching of $G$ is a function $f: E(G)\to [0,1]$ such that $\sum_{e\in E_G(v_i)}f(e)\le 1$ for any $v_i\in V(G)$, where $E_G(v_i)=\{e: e\in E(G) \ \textrm{and}\ e \ \textrm{is incident with} \ v_i\}$. Let $\alpha_f(G)$ denote…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-12-04 Zengzhao Xu , Weige Xi , Ligong Wang

Let $G$ be an $n$-vertex graph with adjacency matrix $A$, and $W=[e,Ae,\ldots,A^{n-1}e]$ be the walk matrix of $G$, where $e$ is the all-one vector. In Wang [J. Combin. Theory, Ser. B, 122 (2017): 438-451], the author showed that any graph…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-08-10 Wei Wang , Wei Wang , Tao Yu

It is well known that any graph admits a crossing-free straight-line drawing in $\mathbb{R}^3$ and that any planar graph admits the same even in $\mathbb{R}^2$. For a graph $G$ and $d \in \{2,3\}$, let $\rho^1_d(G)$ denote the smallest…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-03-04 Steven Chaplick , Krzysztof Fleszar , Fabian Lipp , Alexander Ravsky , Oleg Verbitsky , Alexander Wolff

A graph is said to be $K_{1,r}$-free if it does not contain an induced subgraph isomorphic to $K_{1,r}$. An $\mathcal{F}$-factor is a spanning subgraph $H$ such that each connected component of $H$ is isomorphic to some graph in…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2020-12-14 Guowei Dai , Zan-Bo Zhang , Xiaoyan Zhang

Consider a graph G with n vertices. In this paper we study geometric conditions for an n-tuple of points in R^d to admit a tensegrity with underlying graph G. We introduce and investigate a natural stratification, depending on G, of the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-07-01 Franck Doray , Oleg Karpenkov , Jan Schepers

For a positive integer $k$ and graph $G=(V,E)$, a $k$-colouring of $G$ is a mapping $c: V\rightarrow\{1,2,\ldots,k\}$ such that $c(u)\neq c(v)$ whenever $uv\in E$. The $k$-Colouring problem is to decide, for a given $G$, whether a…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-07-08 Shenwei Huang , Matthew Johnson , Daniël Paulusma

A graph $G$ is a non-separating planar graph if there is a drawing $D$ of $G$ on the plane such that (1) no two edges cross each other in $D$ and (2) for any cycle $C$ in $D$, any two vertices not in $C$ are on the same side of $C$ in $D$.…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-07-24 Hooman R. Dehkordi , Graham Farr

Let $G=(V,E)$ be a graph of order $n$ and let $1\leq k< n$ be an integer. The $k$-token graph of $G$ is the graph whose vertices are all the $k$-subsets of $V$, two of which are adjacent whenever their symmetric difference is a pair of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-02-21 Walter Carballosa , Ruy Fabila-Monroy , Jesús Leaños , Luis Manuel Rivera

Let $\mathcal{G}$ be a minor-closed graph class. We say that a graph $G$ is a $k$-apex of $\mathcal{G}$ if $G$ contains a set $S$ of at most $k$ vertices such that $G\setminus S$ belongs to $\mathcal{G}.$ We denote by $\mathcal{A}_k…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-03-17 Ignasi Sau , Giannos Stamoulis , Dimitrios M. Thilikos

Let $\mathcal{F}$ be a family of fixed graphs and let $d$ be large enough. For every $d$-regular graph $G$, we study the existence of a spanning $\mathcal{F}$-free subgraph of $G$ with large minimum degree. This problem is well-understood…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2016-12-12 Guillem Perarnau , Bruce Reed

Given a set of points in the plane, we want to establish a connection network between these points that consists of several disjoint layers. Motivated by sensor networks, we want that each layer is spanning and plane, and that no edge is…