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Power laws in nature are considered to be signatures of complexity. The theory of self-organized criticality (SOC) was proposed to explain their origins. A longstanding principle of SOC is the \emph{separation of timescales} axiom. It…
Recent experiments on cortical neural networks have revealed the existence of well-defined avalanches of electrical activity. Such avalanches have been claimed to be generically scale-invariant -- i.e. power-law distributed -- with many…
In many complex systems a continuous input of energy over time can be suddenly relaxed in the form of avalanches. Conventional avalanche models disregard the possibility of internal dynamical effects in the inter-avalanche periods, and thus…
The branching process is the minimal model for propagation dynamics, avalanches and criticality, broadly used in neuroscience. A simple extension of it, adding inhibitory nodes, induces a much-richer phenomenology, including, an…
Neuronal avalanche is a spontaneous neuronal activity which obeys a power-law distribution of population event sizes with an exponent of -3/2. It has been observed in the superficial layers of cortex both \emph{in vivo} and \emph{in vitro}.…
Avalanches of electrochemical activity in brain networks have been empirically reported to obey scale-invariant behavior --characterized by power-law distributions up to some upper cut-off-- both in vitro and in vivo. Elucidating whether…
We show that for two identical neuronal oscillators with strictly positive phase resetting curve, isochronous synchrony is an unstable attractor and arbitrarily weak noise can destroy entrainment and generate intermittent phase slips. Small…
Visually induced neuronal activity in V1 displays a marked gamma-band component which is modulated by stimulus properties. It has been argued that synchronized oscillations contribute to these gamma-band activity [... however,] even when…
The critical brain hypothesis has emerged as an attractive framework to understand neuronal activity, but it is still widely debated. In this work, we analyze data from a multi-electrodes array in the rat's cortex and we find that power-law…
The mechanisms and properties of synchronization of oscillating ecological populations attract attention because it is a fairly common phenomenon and because spatial synchrony may elevate a risk of extinction and may lead to other…
Neuronal avalanches, measured in vitro and in vivo, exhibit a robust critical behaviour. Their temporal organization hides the presence of correlations. Here we present experimental measurements of the waiting time distribution between…
A widely held assumption on network dynamics is that similar components are more likely to exhibit similar behavior than dissimilar ones and that generic differences among them are necessarily detrimental to synchronization. Here, we show…
An avalanche or cascade occurs when one event causes one or more subsequent events, which in turn may cause further events in a chain reaction. Avalanching dynamics are studied in many disciplines, with a recent focus on average avalanche…
Synchronization across long neural distances is a functionally important phenomenon. In order to access the mechanistic basis of long-range synchrony, we constructed an experimental model that enables monitoring of spiking activities over…
Network couplings of oscillatory large-scale systems, such as the brain, have a space-time structure composed of connection strengths and signal transmission delays. We provide a theoretical framework, which allows treating the spatial…
A biophysical model of arousal dynamics is used to study mechanisms of synchronisation and loss of synchrony among the three key oscillators controlling sleep-wake cycles: the circadian, homeostatic, and light oscillators. Synchronisation…
Occurrence of strong or mass synchronization of a large number of neuronal populations in the brain characterizes its pathological states. In order to establish an understanding of the mechanism underlying such pathological synchronization…
The emergence of synchronization in a network of coupled oscillators is a fascinating topic in various scientific disciplines. A coupled oscillator network is characterized by a population of heterogeneous oscillators and a graph describing…
In this thesis we study synchronization phenomena in natural and artificial coupled multi-component systems, applicable to the scalability of parallel discrete-event simulation for systems with asynchronous dynamics. We analyze the…
We study some mechanisms responsible for synchronous oscillations and loss of synchrony at physiologically relevant frequencies (10-200 Hz) in a network of heterogeneous inhibitory neurons. We focus on the factors that determine the level…