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Majority-SAT is the problem of determining whether an input $n$-variable formula in conjunctive normal form (CNF) has at least $2^{n-1}$ satisfying assignments. Majority-SAT and related problems have been studied extensively in various AI…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-11-16 Shyan Akmal , Ryan Williams

In a broad class of sparse random constraint satisfaction problems(CSP), deep heuristics from statistical physics predict that there is a condensation phase transition before the satisfiability threshold, governed by one-step replica…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-12-14 Danny Nam , Allan Sly , Youngtak Sohn

In the last decades, many efforts have focused on analyzing typical-case hardness in optimization and inference problems. Some recent work has pointed out that polynomial algorithms exist, running with a time that grows more than linearly…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2026-03-05 M. C. Angelini , M. Avila-González , F. D'Amico , D. Machado , R. Mulet , F. Ricci-Tersenghi

We introduce a new model for the generation of random satisfiability problems. It is an extension of the hyper-SAT model of Ricci-Tersenghi, Weigt and Zecchina, which is a variant of the famous K-SAT model: it is extended to q-state…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2008-11-26 Sergio Caracciolo , Andrea Sportiello

How many $k$-SAT functions on $n$ boolean variables are there? What does a typical such function look like? Bollob\'as, Brightwell, and Leader conjectured that, for each fixed $k \ge 2$, the number of $k$-SAT functions on $n$ variables is…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2022-04-26 Dingding Dong , Nitya Mani , Yufei Zhao

Many constraint satisfaction and optimisation problems can be solved effectively by encoding them as instances of the Boolean Satisfiability problem (SAT). However, even the simplest types of constraints have many encodings in the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-11-09 Felix Ulrich-Oltean , Peter Nightingale , James Alfred Walker

For each integer $n$ we present an explicit formulation of a compact linear program, with $O(n^3)$ variables and constraints, which determines the satisfiability of any 2SAT formula with $n$ boolean variables by a single linear…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-04-19 David Avis , Hans Raj Tiwary

The natural generalization of the Boolean satisfiability problem to optimization problems is the task of determining the maximum number of clauses that can simultaneously be satisfied in a propositional formula in conjunctive normal form.…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-04-28 Max Bannach , Pamela Fleischmann , Malte Skambath

In this paper we detail a classical algorithmic approach to the k-satisfiability (k-SAT) problem that is inspired by the quantum amplitude amplification algorithm. This work falls under the emerging field of quantum-inspired classical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-09-22 S. Andrew Lanham , Brian R. La Cour

The random K-satisfiability (K-SAT) problem is an important problem for studying typical-case complexity of NP-complete combinatorial satisfaction; it is also a representative model of finite-connectivity spin-glasses. In this paper we…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2015-05-18 Haijun Zhou

We study the geometric structure of the set of solutions of random $\epsilon$-1-in-k SAT problem. For $l\geq 1$, two satisfying assignments $A$ and $B$ are $l$-connected if there exists a sequence of satisfying assignments connecting them…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2010-03-18 Gabriel Istrate

We convert, within polynomial-time and sequential processing, NP-Complete Problems into a problem of deciding feasibility of a given system S of linear equations with constants and coefficients of binary-variables that are 0, 1, or -1. S is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2012-10-23 Deepak Ponvel Chermakani

Constrained sampling and counting are two fundamental problems in artificial intelligence with a diverse range of applications, spanning probabilistic reasoning and planning to constrained-random verification. While the theory of these…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2015-12-22 Kuldeep S. Meel , Moshe Vardi , Supratik Chakraborty , Daniel J. Fremont , Sanjit A. Seshia , Dror Fried , Alexander Ivrii , Sharad Malik

The problem 2-Xor-Sat asks for the probability that a random expression, built as a conjunction of clauses $x \oplus y$, is satisfiable. We revisit this classical problem by giving an alternative, explicit expression of this probability. We…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-11-25 Élie de Panafieu , Danièle Gardy , Bernhard Gittenberger , Markus Kuba

We consider random systems of equations x_1 + ... + x_k = a; 0 <= a <= 2 which are interpreted as equations modulo 3: We show for k >= 15 that the satisfiability threshold of such systems occurs where the 2-core has density 1: We show a…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2011-12-12 Andreas Goerdt , Lutz Falke

We study the random K-satisfiability problem using a partition function where each solution is reweighted according to the number of variables that satisfy every clause. We apply belief propagation and the related cavity method to the…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2014-11-20 Florent Krzakala , Marc Mézard , Lenka Zdeborová

In many decision-making processes, one may prefer multiple solutions to a single solution, which allows us to choose an appropriate solution from the set of promising solutions that are found by algorithms. Given this, finding a set of…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2024-12-06 Tatsuya Gima , Yuni Iwamasa , Yasuaki Kobayashi , Kazuhiro Kurita , Yota Otachi , Rin Saito

Constraint Satisfaction Problems are ubiquitous in fields ranging from the physics of solids to artificial intelligence. In many cases, such systems undergo a transition when the ratio of constraints to variables reaches some value…

Statistical Mechanics · Physics 2025-03-25 Michael Winer , Aidan Herderschee

The aim of this short note is mainly pedagogical. It summarizes some knowledge about Boolean satisfiability (SAT) and the P=NP? problem in an elementary mathematical language. A convenient scheme to visualize and manipulate CNF formulae is…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-08-15 Bernd R. Schuh

Stochastic Boolean Satisfiability (SSAT) is a logical formalism to model decision problems with uncertainty, such as Partially Observable Markov Decision Process (POMDP) for verification of probabilistic systems. SSAT, however, is limited…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-02-26 Nian-Ze Lee , Jie-Hong R. Jiang