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Approaching limitations of digital computing technologies have spurred research in neuromorphic and other unconventional approaches to computing. Here we argue that if we want to systematically engineer computing systems that are based on…

Emerging Technologies · Computer Science 2023-08-21 Herbert Jaeger , Beatriz Noheda , Wilfred G. van der Wiel

Recent decades have seen a rise in the use of physics methods to study different societal phenomena. This development has been due to physicists venturing outside of their traditional domains of interest, but also due to scientists from…

The way we view the reality of nature, including ourselves, depend on consciousness.It also defines the identity of the person, since we know people in terms of their experiences. In general, consciousness defines human existence in this…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2023-01-24 Charles Johnstone , Prashant S. Alegaonkar

The epistemological interpretation of quantum mechanics is still in an unacceptable status. This becomes obvious if looking on the variety of interpretations currently under discussion. However, the physical community together with…

General Physics · Physics 2021-03-08 Carsten Reese

It has been shown at other occasions that recent results of modern physics can be used to shed some more light onto the foundations of the world, provided the actual task of philosophy is being re-interpreted in terms of a theory which is…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Rainer E. Zimmermann

The problem of consciousness faced several challenges for a few reasons: (a) a lack of necessary and sufficient conditions, without which we would not know how close we are to the solution, (b) a lack of a synthesis framework to build…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2011-04-14 Muralidhar Ravuri

During recent collaboration with colleagues to revise our institution's general-education curriculum, I encountered many perceptions of what we mean by the Natural Sciences. I was surprised to find that perceptions of scientific pedagogy…

Physics Education · Physics 2015-08-04 M. E. McCracken

This review, of the understanding of quantum mechanics, is broad in scope, and aims to reflect enough of the literature to be representative of the current state of the subject. To enhance clarity, the main findings are presented in the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-01-13 Brian Drummond

The ability to interpret the mental state of another agent based on its behavior, also called Theory of Mind (ToM), is crucial for humans in any kind of social interaction. Artificial systems, such as intelligent assistants, would also…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-09-24 Jan Pöppel , Stefan Kopp

Quantum Mechanics, the physical theory describing the microworld, represents one of science's greatest triumphs. It lies at the root of all modern digital technologies and offers unparalleled correspondence between prediction and…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2016-04-25 Adam Frank

The cognitive frame in which most neuropsychological research on the neural basis of behavior is conducted contains the assumption that brain mechanisms per se fully suffice to explain all psychologically described phenomena. This…

Neurons and Cognition · Quantitative Biology 2007-05-23 J. M. Schwartz , H. P. Stapp , M. Beauregard

What is physics? What are the limits of what physics can say about the world? In seeking ever-broader theoretical `umbrellas' for physical phenomena, we are seeking unifying principles. Emergent phenomena have turned out to be some of the…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2010-02-06 Ian T. Durham

Theory of Mind is an essential ability of humans to infer the mental states of others. Here we provide a coherent summary of the potential, current progress, and problems of deep learning approaches to Theory of Mind. We highlight that many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-14 Jaan Aru , Aqeel Labash , Oriol Corcoll , Raul Vicente

This paper examines the incommensurability thesis - one of the most important and controversial ideas to emerge from the simultaneous work of Kuhn and Feyerabend. In the first half, I discuss three aspects of incommensurability -…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2022-05-24 Kharanshu Solanki

Quantum mechanics is more than the derivation of straightforward theorems about vector spaces, Hilbert spaces and functional analysis. In order to be applicable to experiment and technology, those theorems need interpretation and meaning.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Karl Svozil

The interpretation of quantum mechanics has been discussed since this theme first was brought up by Einstein and Bohr. This article describes a proposal for a new foundation of quantum theory, partly drawing upon ideas from statistical…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-05-17 Inge S. Helland

Several new physics experiments in 1998 were performed and analyzed to show the subtlety of quantum theory, including the "wave-particle duality" and the non-separability of two-particle entangled state. Here it is shown that the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Guang-jiong Ni

The author's opinion on the interpretation of quantum mechanics is further elucidated. Not only may quantum mechanics be a description of the sub-microscopic world that is profoundly different from what is often asserted, particularly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2021-04-08 Gerard 't Hooft

Constructor theory seeks to express all fundamental scientific theories in terms of a dichotomy between possible and impossible physical transformations - those that can be caused to happen and those that cannot. This is a departure from…

History and Philosophy of Physics · Physics 2013-01-18 David Deutsch

Psychological and social systems provide us with a natural domain for the study of anticipations because these systems are based on and operate in terms of intentionality. Psychological systems can be expected to contain a model of…

Adaptation and Self-Organizing Systems · Physics 2015-05-14 Loet Leydesdorff