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Attention mechanisms have raised significant interest in the research community, since they promise significant improvements in the performance of neural network architectures. However, in any specific problem, we still lack a principled…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-12-24 Rafael Pedro , Arlindo L. Oliveira

Self-attention mechanisms have revolutionised deep learning architectures, yet their core mathematical structures remain incompletely understood. In this work, we develop a category-theoretic framework focusing on the linear components of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Charles O'Neill

The success of the self-attention mechanism in classical machine learning models has inspired the development of quantum analogs aimed at reducing computational overhead. Self-attention integrates learnable query and key matrices to…

Transformer architecture has shown impressive performance in multiple research domains and has become the backbone of many neural network models. However, there is limited understanding on how it works. In particular, with a simple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-31 Yuandong Tian , Yiping Wang , Beidi Chen , Simon Du

Music prediction tasks range from predicting tags given a song or clip of audio, predicting the name of the artist, or predicting related songs given a song, clip, artist name or tag. That is, we are interested in every semantic…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-19 Jason Weston , Samy Bengio , Philippe Hamel

Automatic Music Transcription has seen significant progress in recent years by training custom deep neural networks on large datasets. However, these models have required extensive domain-specific design of network architectures,…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-07-21 Curtis Hawthorne , Ian Simon , Rigel Swavely , Ethan Manilow , Jesse Engel

The multi-head self-attention mechanism of the transformer model has been thoroughly investigated recently. In one vein of study, researchers are interested in understanding why and how transformers work. In another vein, researchers…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-28 Raymond Li , Wen Xiao , Linzi Xing , Lanjun Wang , Gabriel Murray , Giuseppe Carenini

Transformers can under some circumstances generalize to novel problem instances whose constituent parts might have been encountered during training, but whose compositions have not. What mechanisms underlie this ability for compositional…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-18 Simon Schug , Seijin Kobayashi , Yassir Akram , João Sacramento , Razvan Pascanu

We propose a sequence-to-sequence singing synthesizer, which avoids the need for training data with pre-aligned phonetic and acoustic features. Rather than the more common approach of a content-based attention mechanism combined with an…

Sound · Computer Science 2020-02-21 Merlijn Blaauw , Jordi Bonada

This paper reveals that we can interpret the fundamental function of Randomized Time Warping (RTW) as a type of self-attention mechanism, a core technology of Transformers in motion recognition. The self-attention is a mechanism that…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-08-25 Yutaro Hiraoka , Kazuya Okamura , Kota Suto , Kazuhiro Fukui

Transformer is a powerful architecture that achieves superior performance on various sequence learning tasks, including neural machine translation, language understanding, and sequence prediction. At the core of the Transformer is the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-11-13 Yao-Hung Hubert Tsai , Shaojie Bai , Makoto Yamada , Louis-Philippe Morency , Ruslan Salakhutdinov

Transformer-based models have been achieving state-of-the-art results in several fields of Natural Language Processing. However, its direct application to speech tasks is not trivial. The nature of this sequences carries problems such as…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-17 Gerard Sant , Gerard I. Gállego , Belen Alastruey , Marta R. Costa-Jussà

Recent works have revealed that Transformers are implicitly learning the syntactic information in its lower layers from data, albeit is highly dependent on the quality and scale of the training data. However, learning syntactic information…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-24 Shengyuan Hou , Jushi Kai , Haotian Xue , Bingyu Zhu , Bo Yuan , Longtao Huang , Xinbing Wang , Zhouhan Lin

Attention mechanisms, and most prominently self-attention, are a powerful building block for processing not only text but also images. These provide a parameter efficient method for aggregating inputs. We focus on self-attention in vision…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-11-19 Nichita Diaconu , Daniel E Worrall

To apply neural sequence models such as the Transformers to music generation tasks, one has to represent a piece of music by a sequence of tokens drawn from a finite set of pre-defined vocabulary. Such a vocabulary usually involves tokens…

Sound · Computer Science 2021-01-08 Wen-Yi Hsiao , Jen-Yu Liu , Yin-Cheng Yeh , Yi-Hsuan Yang

Self-attentive transformer models have recently been shown to solve the next item recommendation task very efficiently. The learned attention weights capture sequential dynamics in user behavior and generalize well. Motivated by the special…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Evgeny Frolov , Ivan Oseledets

Transformer with self-attention has achieved great success in the area of nature language processing. Recently, there have been a few studies on transformer for end-to-end speech recognition, while its application for hybrid acoustic model…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-24 Liang Lu

While end-to-end systems are becoming popular in auditory signal processing including automatic music tagging, models using raw audio as input needs a large amount of data and computational resources without domain knowledge. Inspired by…

Audio and Speech Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-11-29 Yinghao Ma , Richard M. Stern

Recently, multi-instrument music generation has become a hot topic. Different from single-instrument generation, multi-instrument generation needs to consider inter-track harmony besides intra-track coherence. This is usually achieved by…

Sound · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Xipin Wei , Junhui Chen , Zirui Zheng , Li Guo , Lantian Li , Dong Wang

Transformer-based models have emerged as one of the most widely used architectures for natural language processing, natural language generation, and image generation. The size of the state-of-the-art models has increased steadily reaching…

Hardware Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-15 Rya Sanovar , Srikant Bharadwaj , Renee St. Amant , Victor Rühle , Saravan Rajmohan