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Quadrupedal locomotion over complex terrain has been a long-standing research topic in robotics. While recent reinforcement learning-based locomotion methods improve generalizability and foot-placement precision, they rely on implicit…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-04-06 Matthew Hwang , Yubin Liu , Ryo Hakoda , Takeshi Oishi

The selection of mobility modes for robot navigation consists of various trade-offs. Snake robots are ideal for traversing through constrained environments such as pipes, cluttered and rough terrain, whereas bipedal robots are more suited…

Robotics · Computer Science 2021-07-05 Harshad Zade , Aadesh Varude , Karan Pandya , Ajinkya Kamat , Shital Chiddarwar , Rohan Thakker

Robotic mobility in microgravity is necessary to expand human utilization and exploration of outer space. Bio-inspired multi-legged robots are a possible solution for safe and precise locomotion. However, a dynamic motion of a robot in…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-01-20 Warley F. R. Ribeiro , Kentaro Uno , Masazumi Imai , Koki Murase , Kazuya Yoshida

Planetary exploration missions require robots capable of navigating extreme and unknown environments. While wheeled rovers have dominated past missions, their mobility is limited to traversable surfaces. Legged robots, especially…

SLOT (Soft Legged Omnidirectional Tetrapod), a tendon-driven soft quadruped robot with 3D-printed TPU legs, is presented to study physics-informed modeling and control of compliant legged locomotion using only four actuators. Each leg is…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Saumya Karan , Neerav Maram , Suraj Borate , Madhu Vadali

Classical snake robot control leverages mimicking snake-like gaits tuned for specific environments. However, to operate adaptively in unstructured environments, gait generation must be dynamically scheduled. In this work, we present a…

Robotics · Computer Science 2023-12-07 Shuo Jiang , Adarsh Salagame , Alireza Ramezani , Lawson Wong

Robust and energy-efficient bipedal locomotion in robotics is still a challenging topic. In order to address issues in this field, we can take inspiration from nature, by studying human locomotion. The Spring-Loaded Inverted Pendulum (SLIP)…

Robotics · Computer Science 2017-06-02 Ludo C. Visser , Stefano Stramigioli , Raffaella Carloni

Deformable substrates such as sand and mud present significant challenges for terrestrial robots due to complex robot-terrain interactions. Inspired by mudskippers, amphibious animals that naturally adjust their tail morphology and movement…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-03-10 Shipeng Liu , Meghana Sagare , Shubham Patil , Feifei Qian

Soft robotic snakes (SRSs) have a unique combination of continuous and compliant properties that allow them to imitate the complex movements of biological snakes. Despite the previous attempts to develop SRSs, many have been limited to…

For the deployment of legged robots in real-world environments, it is essential to develop robust locomotion control methods for challenging terrains that may exhibit unexpected deformability and irregularity. In this paper, we explore the…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Rohan P. Singh , Mitsuharu Morisawa , Mehdi Benallegue , Zhaoming Xie , Fumio Kanehiro

Quadruped robots have made significant advances in locomotion, extending their capabilities from controlled environments to real-world applications. Beyond movement, recent work has explored loco-manipulation using the legs to perform tasks…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-06-12 Minji Kang , Chanwoo Baek , Yoonsang Lee

Orb-weaving spiders detect prey on a web using vibration sensors at leg joints. They often dynamically crouch their legs during prey sensing, likely an active sensing strategy. However, how leg crouching enhances sensing is poorly…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-01-26 Siyuan Sun , Eugene H. Lin , Nathan Brown , Hsin-Yi Hung , Andrew Gordus , Jochen Mueller , Chen Li

Recent progress in legged locomotion has allowed highly dynamic and parkour-like behaviors for robots, similar to their biological counterparts. Yet, these methods mostly rely on egocentric (first-person) perception, limiting their…

Robotics · Computer Science 2025-12-01 Rémy Rahem , Wael Suleiman

Sprawling locomotion in vertebrates, particularly salamanders, demonstrates how body undulation and spinal mobility enhance stability, maneuverability, and adaptability across complex terrains. While prior work has separately explored…

Rigid-bodied robots often lack compliance needed to adapt to unstructured environments, while fully soft robots, though highly adaptable, struggle with scalability and load capacity. In nature, musculoskeletal systems balance strength and…

Computational Engineering, Finance, and Science · Computer Science 2026-05-29 Hiroki Kobayashi , Yuki Takaha , Changyoung Yuhn , Yuki Sato , Sunao Tomita , Atsushi Kawamoto , Tsuyoshi Nomura

This paper presents the MOBIUS platform, a bipedal robot capable of walking, crawling, climbing, and rolling. MOBIUS features four limbs, two 6-DoF arms with two-finger grippers for manipulation and climbing, and two 4-DoF legs for…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-12 Alexander Schperberg , Yusuke Tanaka , Stefano Di Cairano , Dennis Hong

Microscopic robots could perform tasks with high spatial precision, such as acting in biological tissues on the scale of individual cells, provided they can reach precise locations. This paper evaluates the feasibility of in vivo locomotion…

Robotics · Computer Science 2014-07-23 Tad Hogg

Quadruped robots are often designed with rigid feet to simplify control and maintain stable contact during locomotion. While this approach is straightforward, it limits the ability of the legs to absorb impact forces and reuse stored…

Robotics · Computer Science 2026-05-15 Pramod Pal , Shishir Kolathaya , Ashitava Ghosal

Quadrupedal robots hold promising potential for applications in navigating cluttered environments with resilience akin to their animal counterparts. However, their floating base configuration makes them vulnerable to real-world…

Many animals, modern aircraft, and underwater vehicles use streamlined body shapes that reduce fluid dynamic drag to achieve fast and effective locomotion in air and water. Similarly, numerous small terrestrial animals move through…

Biological Physics · Physics 2025-09-16 Chen Li , Andrew O. Pullin , Duncan W. Haldane , Han K. Lam , Ronald S. Fearing , Robert J. Full