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Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs) are often used to improve network efficiency during the inference phase, i.e. after the network has been trained. Extensive research in the field suggests many different quantization schemes. Still, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-19 Ron Banner , Itay Hubara , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

We present some novel, straightforward methods for training the connection graph of a randomly initialized neural network without training the weights. These methods do not use hyperparameters defining cutoff thresholds and therefore remove…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-18 Cristian Ivan , Razvan Florian

Computationally expensive neural networks are ubiquitous in computer vision and solutions for efficient inference have drawn a growing attention in the machine learning community. Examples of such solutions comprise quantization, i.e.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-03-29 Edouard Yvinec , Arnaud Dapogny , Matthieu Cord , Kevin Bailly

Quantization, a commonly used technique to reduce the memory footprint of a neural network for edge computing, entails reducing the precision of the floating-point representation used for the parameters of the network. The impact of such…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-03-27 Abhishek Murthy , Himel Das , Md Ariful Islam

Deep learning as a means to inferencing has proliferated thanks to its versatility and ability to approach or exceed human-level accuracy. These computational models have seemingly insatiable appetites for computational resources not only…

By quantizing network weights and activations to low bitwidth, we can obtain hardware-friendly and energy-efficient networks. However, existing quantization techniques utilizing the straight-through estimator and piecewise constant…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-24 Hiroyuki Tokunaga , Joel Nicholls , Daria Vazhenina , Atsunori Kanemura

Model compression is vital to the deployment of deep learning on edge devices. Low precision representations, achieved via quantization of weights and activations, can reduce inference time and memory requirements. However, quantifying and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-18 Ben Zandonati , Adrian Alan Pol , Maurizio Pierini , Olya Sirkin , Tal Kopetz

Deep neural networks, while achieving remarkable success across diverse tasks, demand significant resources, including computation, GPU memory, bandwidth, storage, and energy. Network quantization, as a standard compression and acceleration…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-07-09 Minghao Fu , Hao Yu , Jie Shao , Junjie Zhou , Ke Zhu , Jianxin Wu

Neural networks with low-precision weights and activations offer compelling efficiency advantages over their full-precision equivalents. The two most frequently discussed benefits of quantization are reduced memory consumption, and a faster…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-02-01 Angus Galloway , Graham W. Taylor , Medhat Moussa

The deployment of large language models (LLMs) is often constrained by memory bandwidth, where the primary bottleneck is the cost of transferring model parameters from the GPU's global memory to its registers. When coupled with custom…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-01-20 Han Guo , William Brandon , Radostin Cholakov , Jonathan Ragan-Kelley , Eric P. Xing , Yoon Kim

Although considerable progress has been obtained in neural network quantization for efficient inference, existing methods are not scalable to heterogeneous devices as one dedicated model needs to be trained, transmitted, and stored for one…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-13 Hai Wu , Ruifei He , Haoru Tan , Xiaojuan Qi , Kaibin Huang

Batch Normalization is an essential component of all state-of-the-art neural networks architectures. However, since it introduces many practical issues, much recent research has been devoted to designing normalization-free architectures. In…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-11-07 Enrico Civitelli , Alessio Sortino , Matteo Lapucci , Francesco Bagattini , Giulio Galvan

Quantization replaces floating point arithmetic with integer arithmetic in deep neural network models, providing more efficient on-device inference with less power and memory. In this work, we propose a framework for formally verifying…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-29 Pei Huang , Haoze Wu , Yuting Yang , Ieva Daukantas , Min Wu , Yedi Zhang , Clark Barrett

Deep learning algorithms achieve high classification accuracy at the expense of significant computation cost. To address this cost, a number of quantization schemes have been proposed - but most of these techniques focused on quantizing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-18 Jungwook Choi , Zhuo Wang , Swagath Venkataramani , Pierce I-Jen Chuang , Vijayalakshmi Srinivasan , Kailash Gopalakrishnan

The quantization of neural networks for the mitigation of the nonlinear and components' distortions in dual-polarization optical fiber transmission is studied. Two low-complexity neural network equalizers are applied in three 16-QAM 34.4…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-10-11 Jamal Darweesh , Nelson Costa , Antonio Napoli , Bernhard Spinnler , Yves Jaouen , Mansoor Yousefi

Quantization and pruning are core techniques used to reduce the inference costs of deep neural networks. State-of-the-art quantization techniques are currently applied to both the weights and activations; however, pruning is most often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-02 Xinyu Zhang , Ian Colbert , Ken Kreutz-Delgado , Srinjoy Das

Network quantization allows inference to be conducted using low-precision arithmetic for improved inference efficiency of deep neural networks on edge devices. However, designing aggressively low-bit (e.g., 2-bit) quantization schemes on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-02-23 Peng Chen , Jing Liu , Bohan Zhuang , Mingkui Tan , Chunhua Shen

INT8 quantization has become one of the standard techniques for deploying convolutional neural networks (CNNs) on edge devices to reduce the memory and computational resource usages. By analyzing quantized performances of existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-01 Taehoon Kim , YoungJoon Yoo , Jihoon Yang

The inherent heavy computation of deep neural networks prevents their widespread applications. A widely used method for accelerating model inference is quantization, by replacing the input operands of a network using fixed-point values.…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Hongwei Xie , Shuo Zhang , Huanghao Ding , Yafei Song , Baitao Shao , Conggang Hu , Ling Cai , Mingyang Li

Neural network compression techniques typically require expensive fine-tuning or search procedures, rendering them impractical on commodity hardware. Inspired by recent LLM compression research, we present a general activation-aware…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-14 David González-Martínez