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In this paper, we propose a novel model for a malware classification system based on Application Programming Interface (API) calls and opcodes, to improve classification accuracy. This system uses a novel design of combined Convolutional…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Ahmed Bensaoud , Jugal Kalita

Network and system security are incredibly critical issues now. Due to the rapid proliferation of malware, traditional analysis methods struggle with enormous samples. In this paper, we propose four easy-to-extract and small-scale features,…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Zhenshuo Chen , Eoin Brophy , Tomas Ward

We introduce a new malware detector - Shape-GD - that aggregates per-machine detectors into a robust global detector. Shape-GD is based on two insights: 1. Structural: actions such as visiting a website (waterhole attack) by nodes correlate…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-03-05 Mikhail Kazdagli , Constantine Caramanis , Sanjay Shakkottai , Mohit Tiwari

In order to find a specific type of malware which is related to GSM frequency, we propose an algorithm according to the most essential characteristics of this malware. At first, detect whether or not there exists a specific thread in the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-05-16 Weijun Zhu , Kai Nie

Machine learning based malware detection techniques rely on grayscale images of malware and tends to classify malware based on the distribution of textures in graycale images. Albeit the advancement and promising results shown by machine…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-08-05 Sanket Shukla

The rise in frequency and complexity of malware attacks are viewed as a major threat to modern digital infrastructure, which means that traditional signature-based detection methods are becoming less effective. As cyber threats continue to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-13 Rakesh Keshava , Sathish Kuppan Pandurangan , M. Sakthivanitha , Sankaranainar Parmsivan , Goutham Sunkara , R. Maruthi

In the case of malware analysis, categorization of malicious files is an essential part after malware detection. Numerous static and dynamic techniques have been reported so far for categorizing malware. This research presents a deep…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-12-29 Muhammad Furqan Rafique , Muhammad Ali , Aqsa Saeed Qureshi , Asifullah Khan , Anwar Majid Mirza

The widespread use of Android applications has made them a prime target for cyberattacks, significantly increasing the risk of malware that threatens user privacy, security, and device functionality. Effective malware detection is thus…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-07-01 Saraga S. , Anagha M. S. , Dincy R. Arikkat , Rafidha Rehiman K. A. , Serena Nicolazzo , Antonino Nocera , Vinod P

Confronting the substantial challenges of malware detection in cybersecurity necessitates solutions that are both robust and adaptable to the ever-evolving threat environment. The paper introduces Meta Learning Malware Detection (MeLeMaD),…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-01-01 Ajvad Haneef K , Karan Kuwar Singh , Madhu Kumar S D

With the growing number of malware and cyber attacks, there is a need for "orthogonal" cyber defense approaches, which are complementary to existing methods by detecting unique malware samples that are not predicted by other methods. In…

This work focuses on a specific front of the malware detection arms-race, namely the detection of persistent, disk-resident malware. We exploit normalised compression distance (NCD), an information theoretic measure, applied directly to…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2015-02-27 Nadia Alshahwan , Earl T. Barr , David Clark , George Danezis

We propose a novel method to detect and visualize malware through image classification. The executable binaries are represented as grayscale images obtained from the count of N-grams (N=2) of bytes in the Discrete Cosine Transform (DCT)…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-27 Tajuddin Manhar Mohammed , Lakshmanan Nataraj , Satish Chikkagoudar , Shivkumar Chandrasekaran , B. S. Manjunath

We report the findings of a reimplementation of 18 foundational studies in feature-based machine learning for Android malware detection, published during the period 2013-2023. These studies are reevaluated on a level playing field using a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-01-22 Ali Muzaffar , Hani Ragab Hassen , Hind Zantout , Michael A Lones

This technical report presents a comprehensive analysis of malware classification using OpCode sequences. Two distinct approaches are evaluated: traditional machine learning using n-gram analysis with Support Vector Machine (SVM), K-Nearest…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-04-21 Varij Saini , Rudraksh Gupta , Neel Soni

Recent advancements in ML and DL have significantly improved Android malware detection, yet many methodologies still rely on basic static analysis, bytecode, or function call graphs that often fail to capture complex malicious behaviors.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-08-30 Tiezhu Sun , Nadia Daoudi , Kisub Kim , Kevin Allix , Tegawendé F. Bissyandé , Jacques Klein

Malware authors reuse the same program segments found in other applications for performing the similar kind of malicious activities such as information stealing, sending SMS and so on. Hence, there may exist several semantically similar…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-07 Roopak Surendran

With the rapid proliferation and increased sophistication of malicious software (malware), detection methods no longer rely only on manually generated signatures but have also incorporated more general approaches like machine learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-01-24 Felipe N. Ducau , Ethan M. Rudd , Tad M. Heppner , Alex Long , Konstantin Berlin

With over 50 billion downloads and more than 1.3 million apps in the Google official market, Android has continued to gain popularity amongst smartphone users worldwide. At the same time there has been a rise in malware targeting the…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2016-08-03 Suleiman Y. Yerima , Sakir Sezer , Igor Muttik

Gradient-based attacks are important methods for evaluating model robustness. However, since the proposal of APGD, it has been difficult for such methods to achieve significant breakthroughs. To achieve such an effect, we first analyze the…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-05-21 Xinlei Liu , Tao Hu , Jichao Xie , Peng Yi , Hailong Ma , Baolin Li

Malwares are the key means leveraged by threat actors in the cyber space for their attacks. There is a large array of commercial solutions in the market and significant scientific research to tackle the challenge of the detection and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-11-21 Kar Wai Fok , Vrizlynn L. L. Thing