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Generative modelling is often cast as minimizing a similarity measure between a data distribution and a model distribution. Recently, a popular choice for the similarity measure has been the Wasserstein metric, which can be expressed in the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-10 Anton Mallasto , Guido Montúfar , Augusto Gerolin

The Wasserstein distance has emerged as a key metric to quantify distances between probability distributions, with applications in various fields, including machine learning, control theory, decision theory, and biological systems.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-10 Eduardo Figueiredo , Steven Adams , Luca Laurenti

We introduce LOT Wassmap, a computationally feasible algorithm to uncover low-dimensional structures in the Wasserstein space. The algorithm is motivated by the observation that many datasets are naturally interpreted as probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Alexander Cloninger , Keaton Hamm , Varun Khurana , Caroline Moosmüller

We revisit the question of characterizing the convergence rate of plug-in estimators of optimal transport costs. It is well known that an empirical measure comprising independent samples from an absolutely continuous distribution on…

Probability · Mathematics 2024-02-06 Tudor Manole , Jonathan Niles-Weed

The empirical Wasserstein projection (WP) distance quantifies the Wasserstein distance from the empirical distribution to a set of probability measures satisfying given expectation constraints. The WP is a powerful tool because it mitigates…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-22 Sirui Lin , Jose Blanchet , Peter Glynn , Viet Anh Nguyen

Wasserstein distributionally robust optimization offers a framework for model fitting in machine learning under potential shifts in the data distribution. We study a regularized variant of this problem in which entropic smoothing produces a…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2026-05-28 Tam Le

Modeling observations as random distributions embedded within Wasserstein spaces is becoming increasingly popular across scientific fields, as it captures the variability and geometric structure of the data more effectively. However, the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2026-04-08 François Bachoc , Alberto González-Sanz , Jean-Michel Loubes , Yisha Yao

Many variants of the Wasserstein distance have been introduced to reduce its original computational burden. In particular the Sliced-Wasserstein distance (SW), which leverages one-dimensional projections for which a closed-form solution of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-01-31 Clément Bonet , Paul Berg , Nicolas Courty , François Septier , Lucas Drumetz , Minh-Tan Pham

By building upon the recent theory that established the connection between implicit generative modeling (IGM) and optimal transport, in this study, we propose a novel parameter-free algorithm for learning the underlying distributions of…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-06-12 Antoine Liutkus , Umut Şimşekli , Szymon Majewski , Alain Durmus , Fabian-Robert Stöter

Multi-marginal optimal transport enables one to compare multiple probability measures, which increasingly finds application in multi-task learning problems. One practical limitation of multi-marginal transport is computational scalability…

The sliced Wasserstein distance (SW) reduces optimal transport on $\mathbb{R}^d$ to a sum of one-dimensional projections, and thanks to this efficiency, it is widely used in geometry, generative modeling, and registration tasks. Recent work…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-09-24 Manish Acharya , David Hyde

We propose a semi-supervised generative model, SeGMA, which learns a joint probability distribution of data and their classes and which is implemented in a typical Wasserstein auto-encoder framework. We choose a mixture of Gaussians as a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-28 Marek Śmieja , Maciej Wołczyk , Jacek Tabor , Bernhard C. Geiger

We prove a Central Limit Theorem for the empirical optimal transport cost, $\sqrt{\frac{nm}{n+m}}\{\mathcal{T}_c(P_n,Q_m)-\mathcal{T}_c(P,Q)\}$, in the semi discrete case, i.e when the distribution $P$ is supported in $N$ points, but…

Probability · Mathematics 2022-02-15 Eustasio del Barrio , Alberto González-Sanz , Jean-Michel Loubes

Optimal transport (OT) and the related Wasserstein metric (W) are powerful and ubiquitous tools for comparing distributions. However, computing pairwise Wasserstein distances rapidly becomes intractable as cohort size grows. An attractive…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-05 Doron Haviv , Russell Zhang Kunes , Thomas Dougherty , Cassandra Burdziak , Tal Nawy , Anna Gilbert , Dana Pe'er

We propose a generative model that achieves minimax-optimal convergence rates for estimating probability distributions supported on unknown low-dimensional manifolds. Building on Fefferman's solution to the geometric Whitney problem, our…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-06-25 Arthur Stéphanovitch

We propose the Monge Inception Distance (MIND), a metric for evaluating generative models that addresses key limitations of the widely adopted Fr\'echet Inception Distance (FID). The MIND metric leverages the sliced Wasserstein distance to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-11 Quentin Berthet , Yu-Han Wu , Clement Crepy , Romuald Elie , Klaus Greff , Michael Eli Sander

We provide some non asymptotic bounds, with explicit constants, that measure the rate of convergence, in expected Wasserstein distance, of the empirical measure associated to an i.i.d. $N$-sample of a given probability distribution on…

Probability · Mathematics 2023-03-15 Nicolas Fournier

The generation of synthetic data with distributions that faithfully emulate the underlying data-generating mechanism holds paramount significance. Wasserstein Generative Adversarial Networks (WGANs) have emerged as a prominent tool for this…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-01-08 Wenhui Sophia Lu , Chenyang Zhong , Wing Hung Wong

We study nonparametric density estimation problems where error is measured in the Wasserstein distance, a metric on probability distributions popular in many areas of statistics and machine learning. We give the first minimax-optimal rates…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2020-04-30 Jonathan Niles-Weed , Quentin Berthet

Semantic segmentation (SS) is an important perception manner for self-driving cars and robotics, which classifies each pixel into a pre-determined class. The widely-used cross entropy (CE) loss-based deep networks has achieved significant…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-26 Xiaofeng Liu , Yuzhuo Han , Song Bai , Yi Ge , Tianxing Wang , Xu Han , Site Li , Jane You , Ju Lu