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We present a comprehensive analysis of planetary radii ordering within multi-planet systems, namely their ordinal position with respect to their size in a given system, utilizing data from the NASA Exoplanet Archive. In addition, we…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2025-08-20 Michael Lozovsky , Hagai B. Perets

Exoplanets smaller than Neptune are numerous, but the nature of the planet populations in the 1-4 Earth radii range remains a mystery. The complete Kepler sample of Q1-Q17 exoplanet candidates shows a radius gap at ~ 2 Earth radii, as…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-18 Li Zeng , Stein B. Jacobsen , Dimitar D. Sasselov

Planet formation models suggest that the small exoplanets that migrate from beyond the snowline of the protoplanetary disk likely contain water-ice-rich cores ($\sim 50\%$ by mass), also known as the water worlds. While the observed radius…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-09 Aritra Chakrabarty , Gijs D. Mulders

We have established precise planet radii, semimajor axes, incident stellar fluxes, and stellar masses for 909 planets in 355 multi-planet systems discovered by Kepler. In this sample, we find that planets within a single multi-planet system…

Constraining the planetary composition is essential for exoplanetary characterization. In this paper, we use a statistical analysis to determine the characteristic maximum (threshold) radii for various compositions for exoplanets with…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2018-10-17 Michael Lozovsky , Ravit Helled , Caroline Dorn , Julia Venturini

Knowledge of both the mass and radius of an exoplanet allows us to estimate its mean density, and therefore its composition. Exoplanets seem to fill a very large parameter space in terms of mass and composition, and unlike the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-27 Ravit Helled , Morris Podolak , Eran Vos

The radius valley, i.e., a dearth of planets with radii between 1.5 and 2 Earth radii, provides insights into planetary formation and evolution. Using homogenously revised planetary parameters from Kepler 1-minute short cadence light…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2024-06-12 Cynthia S. K. Ho , James G. Rogers , Vincent Van Eylen , James E. Owen , Hilke E. Schlichting

The planets within compact multi-planet systems tend to have similar sizes, masses, and orbital period ratios, like "peas in a pod". This pattern was detected when considering planets with radii between 1 and 4 $R_\oplus$. However, these…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-10-27 Sarah C. Millholland , Joshua N. Winn

Trends in the planet population with host star mass provide an avenue to constrain planet formation theories. We derive the planet radius distribution function for Kepler stars of different spectral types, sampling a range in host star…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2015-12-02 Gijs D. Mulders , Ilaria Pascucci , Daniel Apai

Structure in the planet distribution provides an insight into the processes that shape the formation and evolution of planets. The Kepler mission has led to an abundance of statistical discoveries in regards to planetary radius, but the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2019-07-24 David J. Armstrong , Farzana Meru , Daniel Bayliss , Grant M. Kennedy , Dimitri Veras

The exoplanet mass radius diagram reveals that super Earths display a wide range of radii, and therefore mean densities, at a given mass. Using planet population synthesis models, we explore the key physical factors that shape this…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-07-29 Matthew Alessi , Julie Inglis , Ralph E. Pudritz

Previous studies using Kepler data suggest that planets orbiting the same star tend to have similar sizes. However, due to the faintness of the stars, only a few of the planets were also detected with radial velocity follow-ups, and…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2022-02-09 J. F. Otegi , R. Helled , F. Bouchy

Ultra-short period (USP) planets are an enigmatic subset of exoplanets defined by having orbital periods $<$ 1 day. It is still not understood how USP planets form, or to what degree they differ from planets with longer orbital periods.…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-09-29 Ana Sofía M. Uzsoy , Leslie A. Rogers , Ellen M. Price

The radius valley, a bimodal feature in the size distribution of close-in small exoplanets, is widely interpreted as a signature of atmospheric loss and therefore provides a key constraint on the formation and atmospheric evolution of these…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2026-03-24 Xunzhou Chen , Tiancheng Sun , Yuxi , Lu , Zixuan Lu , Lifei Ye

The masses and radii of exoplanets are fundamental quantities needed for their characterisation. Studying the different populations of exoplanets is important for understanding the demographics of the different planetary types, which can…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2020-02-05 J. F. Otegi , F. Bouchy , R. Helled

The field of extrasolar planets has rapidly expanded to include the detection of planets with masses smaller than that of Uranus. Many of these are expected to have little or no hydrogen and helium gas and we might find Earth analogs among…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-06-23 Diana Valencia , Dimitar D. Sasselov , Richard J. O'Connell , ;

Modeling the interior of exoplanets is essential to go further than the conclusions provided by mean density measurements. In addition to the still limited precision on the planets' fundamental parameters, models are limited by the…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2017-12-06 B. Brugger , O. Mousis , M. Deleuil , F. Deschamps

The sizes of small planets have been known to be bi-modal, with a gap separating planets that have lost their primordial atmospheres (super-Earths), and the ones that retain them (mini-Neptunes). Here, we report evidences for another…

Earth and Planetary Astrophysics · Physics 2021-03-31 Yansong Qian , Yanqin Wu