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Despite its success in the image domain, adversarial training did not (yet) stand out as an effective defense for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) against graph structure perturbations. In the pursuit of fixing adversarial training (1) we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-05 Lukas Gosch , Simon Geisler , Daniel Sturm , Bertrand Charpentier , Daniel Zügner , Stephan Günnemann

A cursory reading of the literature suggests that we have made a lot of progress in designing effective adversarial defenses for Graph Neural Networks (GNNs). Yet, the standard methodology has a serious flaw - virtually all of the defenses…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Felix Mujkanovic , Simon Geisler , Stephan Günnemann , Aleksandar Bojchevski

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have greatly advanced the semi-supervised node classification task on graphs. The majority of existing GNNs are trained in an end-to-end manner that can be viewed as tackling a bi-level optimization problem.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-20 Haoyu Han , Xiaorui Liu , Haitao Mao , MohamadAli Torkamani , Feng Shi , Victor Lee , Jiliang Tang

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved tremendous success in a variety of real-world applications by relying on the fixed graph data as input. However, the initial input graph might not be optimal in terms of specific downstream tasks,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-22 Beidi Zhao , Boxin Du , Zhe Xu , Liangyue Li , Hanghang Tong

Recent studies show that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attack, i.e., an imperceptible structure perturbation can fool GNNs to make wrong predictions. Some researches explore specific properties of clean graphs…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-23 Guangqian Yang , Yibing Zhan , Jinlong Li , Baosheng Yu , Liu Liu , Fengxiang He

Recent studies have shown that graph neural networks (GNNs) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks, posing significant challenges to their deployment in safety-critical scenarios. This vulnerability has spurred a growing focus on designing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Tao Wu , Canyixing Cui , Xingping Xian , Shaojie Qiao , Chao Wang , Lin Yuan , Shui Yu

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have demonstrated commendable performance for graph-structured data. Yet, GNNs are often vulnerable to adversarial structural attacks as embedding generation relies on graph topology. Existing efforts are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-04 Xing Ai , Guanyu Zhu , Yulin Zhu , Yu Zheng , Gaolei Li , Jianhua Li , Kai Zhou

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have achieved promising results in tasks such as node classification and graph classification. However, recent studies reveal that GNNs are vulnerable to backdoor attacks, posing a significant threat to their…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Zhiwei Zhang , Minhua Lin , Junjie Xu , Zongyu Wu , Enyan Dai , Suhang Wang

Deep learning models for graphs, especially Graph Convolutional Networks (GCNs), have achieved remarkable performance in the task of semi-supervised node classification. However, recent studies show that GCNs suffer from adversarial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-14 Haoxi Zhan , Xiaobing Pei

In this paper, we investigate the impact of neural networks (NNs) topology on adversarial robustness. Specifically, we study the graph produced when an input traverses all the layers of a NN, and show that such graphs are different for…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-11-08 Morgane Goibert , Thomas Ricatte , Elvis Dohmatob

Recent research has revealed that Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) are susceptible to adversarial attacks targeting the graph structure. A malicious attacker can manipulate a limited number of edges, given the training labels, to impair the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-30 Zihan Liu , Ge Wang , Yun Luo , Stan Z. Li

Recent studies have shown that graph neural networks (GNNs) are vulnerable against perturbations due to lack of robustness and can therefore be easily fooled. Currently, most works on attacking GNNs are mainly using gradient information to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-07 Jintang Li , Tao Xie , Liang Chen , Fenfang Xie , Xiangnan He , Zibin Zheng

Adversarial attacks can affect the performance of existing deep learning models. With the increased interest in graph based machine learning techniques, there have been investigations which suggest that these models are also vulnerable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-15 Florence Regol , Soumyasundar Pal , Mark Coates

End-to-end training with global optimization have popularized graph neural networks (GNNs) for node classification, yet inadvertently introduced vulnerabilities to adversarial edge-perturbing attacks. Adversaries can exploit the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-12 Ao Liu , Wenshan Li , Tao Li , Beibei Li , Guangquan Xu , Pan Zhou , Wengang Ma , Hanyuan Huang

Recent years have witnessed the emergence and development of graph neural networks (GNNs), which have been shown as a powerful approach for graph representation learning in many tasks, such as node classification and graph classification.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Haoteng Tang , Guixiang Ma , Yurong Chen , Lei Guo , Wei Wang , Bo Zeng , Liang Zhan

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have attracted increasing attention in recent years and have achieved excellent performance in semi-supervised node classification tasks. The success of most GNNs relies on one fundamental assumption, i.e., the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-03 Junchao Lin , Yuan Wan , Jingwen Xu , Xingchen Qi

Graph neural networks (GNNs) are widely used in many applications. However, their robustness against adversarial attacks is criticized. Prior studies show that using unnoticeable modifications on graph topology or nodal features can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-27 Xianfeng Tang , Yandong Li , Yiwei Sun , Huaxiu Yao , Prasenjit Mitra , Suhang Wang

Recent studies have shown that attackers can catastrophically reduce the performance of GNNs by maliciously modifying the graph structure or node features on the graph. Adversarial training, which has been shown to be one of the most…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-12-11 Xiaobing Pei , Haoran Yang , Gang Shen

Graph Neural Networks (GNNs) have made significant advances on several fundamental inference tasks. As a result, there is a surge of interest in using these models for making potentially important decisions in high-regret applications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-02-26 Kaidi Xu , Sijia Liu , Pin-Yu Chen , Mengshu Sun , Caiwen Ding , Bhavya Kailkhura , Xue Lin

In this work, we propose the first backdoor attack to graph neural networks (GNN). Specifically, we propose a \emph{subgraph based backdoor attack} to GNN for graph classification. In our backdoor attack, a GNN classifier predicts an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-12-20 Zaixi Zhang , Jinyuan Jia , Binghui Wang , Neil Zhenqiang Gong