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Compartmental epidemic models have been widely used for predicting the course of epidemics, from estimating the basic reproduction number to guiding intervention policies. Studies commonly acknowledge these models' assumptions but less…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2022-11-23 Alexander F. Siegenfeld , Pratyush K. Kollepara , Yaneer Bar-Yam

Null hypothesis significance tests and p values are widely used despite very strong arguments against their use in many contexts. Confidence intervals are often recommended as an alternative, but these do not achieve the objective of…

Methodology · Statistics 2014-02-12 Michael Wood

When interpreting A/B tests, we typically focus only on the statistically significant results and take them by face value. This practice, termed post-selection inference in the statistical literature, may negatively affect both point…

Applications · Statistics 2021-06-01 Alex Deng , Yicheng Li , Jiannan Lu , Vivek Ramamurthy

We consider clinical trials in which an experimental treatment is compared with a control in pre-specified patient subpopulations. In such settings, adaptive enrichment designs allow the enrolled population to be modified at an interim…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-03-17 Enyu Li , Nigel Stallard , Ekkehard Glimm , Dominic Magirr , Peter K. Kimani

The prediction interval has been increasingly used in meta-analyses as a useful measure for assessing the magnitude of treatment effect and between-studies heterogeneity. In calculations of the prediction interval, although the…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-14 Yuta Hamaguchi , Hisashi Noma , Kengo Nagashima , Tomohide Yamada , Toshi A. Furukawa

Inferential models have recently gained in popularity for valid uncertainty quantification. In this paper, we investigate inferential models by exploring relationships between inferential models, fiducial inference, and confidence curves.…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-05-13 Yifan Cui , Jan Hannig

Time series prediction is often complicated by distribution shift which demands adaptive models to accommodate time-varying distributions. We frame time series prediction under distribution shift as a weighted empirical risk minimisation…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-26 Stefanos Bennett , Jase Clarkson

The 'standard' confidence interval for a Poisson parameter is only one of a number of estimation intervals based on the chi-square distribution that may be used in the estimation of the mean or mean rate for a Poisson model. Other…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2011-02-07 E. A. Maxwell

Most machine learning models operate under the assumption that the training, testing and deployment data is independent and identically distributed (i.i.d.). This assumption doesn't generally hold true in a natural setting. Usually, the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-14 Kumud Lakara , Akshat Bhandari , Pratinav Seth , Ujjwal Verma

A confidence distribution is a complete tool for making frequentist inference for a parameter of interest $\psi$ based on an assumed parametric model. Indeed, it allows to reach point estimates, to assess their precision, to set up tests…

Methodology · Statistics 2022-12-20 Elena Bortolato , Laura Ventura

Inference is the process of using facts we know to learn about facts we do not know. A theory of inference gives assumptions necessary to get from the former to the latter, along with a definition for and summary of the resulting…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2021-09-27 Beau Coker , Cynthia Rudin , Gary King

The distribution of the spacing, or the difference between consecutive order statistics, is known only for uniform and exponential random variates. We add here logistic and Gumbel variates, and present an estimator for distributions with a…

Methodology · Statistics 2026-01-30 Greg Kreider

Prediction intervals are a machine- and human-interpretable way to represent predictive uncertainty in a regression analysis. In this paper, we present a method for generating prediction intervals along with point estimates from an ensemble…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-07-21 Tárik S. Salem , Helge Langseth , Heri Ramampiaro

Causal inference is crucial for understanding the true impact of interventions, policies, or actions, enabling informed decision-making and providing insights into the underlying mechanisms that shape our world. In this paper, we establish…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-26 Jingyue Huang , Changbao Wu , Leilei Zeng

We study confidence intervals based on hard-thresholding, soft-thresholding, and adaptive soft-thresholding in a linear regression model where the number of regressors $k$ may depend on and diverge with sample size $n$. In addition to the…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2018-10-08 Ulrike Schneider

Despite the importance of having a measure of confidence in recommendation results, it has been surprisingly overlooked in the literature compared to the accuracy of the recommendation. In this dissertation, I propose a model calibration…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-02-27 Wonbin Kweon

We introduce a fine-grained framework for uncertainty quantification of predictive models under distributional shifts. This framework distinguishes the shift in covariate distributions from that in the conditional relationship between the…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-05-20 Jiahao Ai , Zhimei Ren

Predictive models are often introduced to decision-making tasks under the rationale that they improve performance over an existing decision-making policy. However, it is challenging to compare predictive performance against an existing…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-13 Luke Guerdan , Amanda Coston , Kenneth Holstein , Zhiwei Steven Wu

In the last months, due to the emergency of Covid-19, questions related to the fact of belonging or not to a particular class of individuals (`infected or not infected'), after being tagged as `positive' or `negative' by a test, have never…

Populations and Evolution · Quantitative Biology 2020-11-23 Giulio D'Agostini , Alfredo Esposito

Conformal inference is a fundamental and versatile tool that provides distribution-free guarantees for many machine learning tasks. We consider the transductive setting, where decisions are made on a test sample of $m$ new points, giving…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-20 Ulysse Gazin , Gilles Blanchard , Etienne Roquain