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We propose an approach for improving sequence modeling based on autoregressive normalizing flows. Each autoregressive transform, acting across time, serves as a moving frame of reference, removing temporal correlations, and simplifying the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-09 Joseph Marino , Lei Chen , Jiawei He , Stephan Mandt

We present a generative model that is defined on finite sets of exchangeable, potentially high dimensional, data. As the architecture is an extension of RealNVPs, it inherits all its favorable properties, such as being invertible and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-09-09 Kashif Rasul , Ingmar Schuster , Roland Vollgraf , Urs Bergmann

We propose Multiscale Flow, a generative Normalizing Flow that creates samples and models the field-level likelihood of two-dimensional cosmological data such as weak lensing. Multiscale Flow uses hierarchical decomposition of cosmological…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2024-02-16 Biwei Dai , Uros Seljak

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are widely used in deep generative models for their exact likelihood estimation and efficient sampling. However, they require substantial memory since the latent space matches the input dimension. Multi-scale…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-11 Wei Chen , Shian Du , Shigui Li , Delu Zeng , John Paisley

Density estimation, a central problem in machine learning, can be performed using Normalizing Flows (NFs). NFs comprise a sequence of invertible transformations, that turn a complex target distribution into a simple one, by exploiting the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-04 Massimiliano Patacchiola , Aliaksandra Shysheya , Katja Hofmann , Richard E. Turner

We propose a neural hybrid model consisting of a linear model defined on a set of features computed by a deep, invertible transformation (i.e. a normalizing flow). An attractive property of our model is that both p(features), the density of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Eric Nalisnick , Akihiro Matsukawa , Yee Whye Teh , Dilan Gorur , Balaji Lakshminarayanan

Graphical flows add further structure to normalizing flows by encoding non-trivial variable dependencies. Previous graphical flow models have focused primarily on a single flow direction: the normalizing direction for density estimation, or…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-27 Jacobie Mouton , Steve Kroon

We introduce a provably stable variant of neural ordinary differential equations (neural ODEs) whose trajectories evolve on an energy functional parametrised by a neural network. Stable neural flows provide an implicit guarantee on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-03-19 Stefano Massaroli , Michael Poli , Michelangelo Bin , Jinkyoo Park , Atsushi Yamashita , Hajime Asama

Normalizing Flows (NFs) are emerging as a powerful class of generative models, as they not only allow for efficient sampling, but also deliver, by construction, density estimation. They are of great potential usage in High Energy Physics…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-03-01 Humberto Reyes-Gonzalez , Riccardo Torre

Flow models have rapidly become the go-to method for training and deploying large-scale generators, owing their success to inference-time flexibility via adjustable integration steps. A crucial ingredient in flow training is the choice of…

We reinterpret multiplicative noise in neural networks as auxiliary random variables that augment the approximate posterior in a variational setting for Bayesian neural networks. We show that through this interpretation it is both efficient…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-06-14 Christos Louizos , Max Welling

Continuous normalizing flows are known to be highly expressive and flexible, which allows for easier incorporation of large symmetries and makes them a powerful computational tool for lattice field theories. Building on previous work, we…

High Energy Physics - Lattice · Physics 2025-12-22 Mathis Gerdes , Pim de Haan , Roberto Bondesan , Miranda C. N. Cheng

Normalizing flows, which learn a distribution by transforming the data to samples from a Gaussian base distribution, have proven powerful density approximations. But their expressive power is limited by this choice of the base distribution.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-16 Mike Laszkiewicz , Johannes Lederer , Asja Fischer

Flow-based models are powerful tools for designing probabilistic models with tractable density. This paper introduces Convex Potential Flows (CP-Flow), a natural and efficient parameterization of invertible models inspired by the optimal…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-02-25 Chin-Wei Huang , Ricky T. Q. Chen , Christos Tsirigotis , Aaron Courville

Estimating the expectation of a real-valued function of a random variable from sample data is a critical aspect of statistical analysis, with far-reaching implications in various applications. Current methodologies typically assume…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-18 Paweł Lorek , Rafał Nowak , Rafał Topolnicki , Tomasz Trzciński , Maciej Zięba , Aleksandra Krystecka

Flow-based deep generative models learn data distributions by transforming a simple base distribution into a complex distribution via a set of invertible transformations. Due to the invertibility, such models can score unseen data samples…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-06-18 Maximilian Schmidt , Marko Simic

Normalizing flows model complex probability distributions using maps obtained by composing invertible layers. Special linear layers such as masked and 1x1 convolutions play a key role in existing architectures because they increase…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-29 Chenlin Meng , Linqi Zhou , Kristy Choi , Tri Dao , Stefano Ermon

Normalizing flows are a class of probabilistic generative models which allow for both fast density computation and efficient sampling and are effective at modelling complex distributions like images. A drawback among current methods is…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Jason J. Yu , Konstantinos G. Derpanis , Marcus A. Brubaker

Generative artificial intelligence is now a widely used tool in molecular science. Despite the popularity of probabilistic generative models, numerical experiments benchmarking their performance on molecular data are lacking. In this work,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-11-15 Richard John , Lukas Herron , Pratyush Tiwary

The normalization constraint on probability density poses a significant challenge for solving the Fokker-Planck equation. Normalizing Flow, an invertible generative model leverages the change of variables formula to ensure probability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-09-28 Feng Liu , Faguo Wu , Xiao Zhang