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Related papers: Borders, Palindrome Prefixes, and Square Prefixes

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We study the set of finite words with zero palindromic defect, i.e., words rich in palindromes. This set is factorial, but not recurrent. We focus on description of pairs of rich words which cannot occur simultaneously as factors of a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-01-09 Edita Pelantová , Štěpán Starosta

We study infinite binary words that contain few distinct palindromes. In particular, we classify such words according to their critical exponents. This extends results by Fici and Zamboni [TCS 2013]. Interestingly, the words with 18 and 20…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-27 L'ubomíra Dvořáková , Pascal Ochem , Daniela Opočenská

Twins in a finite word are formed by a pair of identical subwords placed at disjoint sets of positions. We investigate the maximum length of twins in a random word over a $k$-letter alphabet. The obtained lower bounds for small values of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2023-04-25 Andrzej Dudek , Jarosław Grytczuk , Andrzej Ruciński

Circular words are cyclically ordered finite sequences of letters. We give a computer-free proof of the following result by Currie: square-free circular words over the ternary alphabet exist for all lengths $l$ except for 5, 7, 9, 10, 14,…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2010-10-26 Arseny M. Shur

We construct infinite cubefree binary words containing exponentially many distinct squares of length n. We also show that for every positive integer n, there is a cubefree binary square of length 2n.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2009-04-14 James Currie , Narad Rampersad

A prefix normal word is a binary word whose prefixes contain at least as many 1s as any of its factors of the same length. Introduced by Fici and Lipt\'ak in 2011 the notion of prefix normality is so far only defined for words over the…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2021-04-20 Yannik Eikmeier , Pamela Fleischmann , Mitja Kulczynski , Dirk Nowotka

Fixed points ${\bf u}=\varphi({\bf u})$ of marked and primitive morphisms $\varphi$ over arbitrary alphabet are considered. We show that if ${\bf u}$ is palindromic, i.e., its language contains infinitely many palindromes, then some power…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-09-14 Sébastien Labbé , Edita Pelantová

We prove an inequality for the number of periods in a word x in terms of the length of x and its initial critical exponent. Next, we characterize all periods of the length-n prefix of a characteristic Sturmian word in terms of the lazy…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2020-05-28 Daniel Gabric , Narad Rampersad , Jeffrey Shallit

A language L is prefix-free if, whenever words u and v are in L and u is a prefix of v, then u=v. Suffix-, factor-, and subword-free languages are defined similarly, where "subword" means "subsequence". A language is bifix-free if it is…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2011-05-13 Janusz Brzozowski , Galina Jirásková , Baiyu Li , Joshua Smith

In 2011, Fici and Lipt\'ak introduced prefix normal words. A binary word is prefix normal if it has no factor (substring) that contains more occurrences of the letter 1 than the prefix of the same length. Among the open problems regarding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-08-28 Duncan Adamson , Moritz Dudey , Pamela Fleischmann , Annika Huch

A cross-bifix-free code is a set of words in which no prefix of any length of any word is the suffix of any word in the set. Cross-bifix-free codes arise in the study of distributed sequences for frame synchronization. We provide a new…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2013-03-12 Yeow Meng Chee , Han Mao Kiah , Punarbasu Purkayastha , Chengmin Wang

We say a finite word $x$ is a palindromic periodicity if there exist two palindromes $p$ and $s$ such that $|x| \geq |ps|$ and $x$ is a prefix of the word $(ps)^\omega = pspsps\cdots$. In this paper we examine the palindromic periodicities…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-08-13 Gabriele Fici , Jeffrey Shallit , Jamie Simpson

Given a string $s$ of length $n$ over a general alphabet and an integer $k$, the problem is to decide whether $s$ is a concatenation of $k$ nonempty palindromes. Two previously known solutions for this problem work in time $O(kn)$ and…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2020-07-07 Mikhail Rubinchik , Arseny M. Shur

Finite alphabets of at least three letters permit the construction of square-free words of infinite length. We show that the entropy density is strictly positive and derive reasonable lower and upper bounds. Finally, we present an…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Baake , Veit Elser , Uwe Grimm

A square is the concatenation of a nonempty word with itself. A word has period p if its letters at distance p match. The exponent of a nonempty word is the quotient of its length over its smallest period. In this article we give a proof of…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2012-07-25 Golnaz Badkobeh , Maxime Crochemore

A prefix normal word is a binary word with the property that no substring has more 1s than the prefix of the same length. This class of words is important in the context of binary jumbled pattern matching. In this paper we present results…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2014-06-23 Péter Burcsi , Gabriele Fici , Zsuzsanna Lipták , Frank Ruskey , Joe Sawada

A pattern is encountered in a word if some infix of the word is the image of the pattern under some non-erasing morphism. A pattern $p$ is unavoidable if, over every finite alphabet, every sufficiently long word encounters $p$. A theorem by…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Arnaud Carayol , Stefan Göller

Following earlier work by Aldo de Luca and others, we study trapezoidal words and their prefixes, with respect to their characteristic parameters $K$ and $R$ (length of shortest unrepeated suffix, and shortest length without right special…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2019-06-05 Alma D'Aniello , Alessandro De Luca

Although real-world text datasets, such as DNA sequences, are far from being uniformly random, average-case string searching algorithms perform significantly better than worst-case ones in most applications of interest. In this paper, we…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Lorraine A. K. Ayad , Panagiotis Charalampopoulos , Costas S. Iliopoulos , Solon P. Pissis

In 2013, Fici and Zamboni proved a number of theorems about finite and infinite words having only a small number of factors that are palindromes. In this paper we rederive some of their results, and obtain some new ones, by a different…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2020-01-07 Lukas Fleischer , Jeffrey Shallit