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This paper introduces an SLD-resolution technique based on deep learning. This technique enables neural networks to learn from old and successful resolution processes and to use learnt experiences to guide new resolution processes. An…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-05-08 Cheng-Hao Cai

We investigate solving discrete optimisation problems using the estimation of distribution (EDA) approach via a novel combination of deep belief networks(DBN) and inductive logic programming (ILP).While DBNs are used to learn the structure…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2017-01-01 Sarmimala Saikia , Lovekesh Vig , Ashwin Srinivasan , Gautam Shroff , Puneet Agarwal , Richa Rawat

Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) approaches like Meta \-/ Interpretive Learning (MIL) can learn, from few examples, recursive logic programs with invented predicates that generalise well to unseen instances. This ability relies on a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-05 Stassa Patsantzis

Considering the challenges faced by large language models (LLMs) in logical reasoning and planning, prior efforts have sought to augment LLMs with access to external solvers. While progress has been made on simple reasoning problems,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-11-11 Yu Zhang , Hui-Ling Zhen , Zehua Pei , Yingzhao Lian , Lihao Yin , Mingxuan Yuan , Bei Yu

Differentiable logics (DL) have recently been proposed as a method of training neural networks to satisfy logical specifications. A DL consists of a syntax in which specifications are stated and an interpretation function that translates…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-10-06 Natalia Ślusarz , Ekaterina Komendantskaya , Matthew L. Daggitt , Robert Stewart , Kathrin Stark

Pre-trained large language models (LMs) struggle to perform logical reasoning reliably despite advances in scale and compositionality. In this work, we tackle this challenge through the lens of symbolic programming. We propose DSR-LM, a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-05-09 Hanlin Zhang , Jiani Huang , Ziyang Li , Mayur Naik , Eric Xing

Current imitation learning approaches, predominantly based on deep neural networks (DNNs), offer efficient mechanisms for learning driving policies from real-world datasets. However, they suffer from inherent limitations in interpretability…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-22 Iman Sharifi , Mustafa Yildirim , Saber Fallah

Integer Linear Programming (ILP) provides a viable mechanism to encode explicit and controllable assumptions about explainable multi-hop inference with natural language. However, an ILP formulation is non-differentiable and cannot be…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-09 Mokanarangan Thayaparan , Marco Valentino , André Freitas

Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) is a form of machine learning (ML) which in contrast to many other state of the art ML methods typically produces highly interpretable and reusable models. However, many ILP systems lack the ability to…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-01-26 John Wahlig

We present an approach to automatically synthesise recursive predicates in Separation Logic (SL) from concrete data structure instances using Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) techniques. The main challenges to make such synthesis effective…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Ziyi Yang , Ilya Sergey

This paper describes experiments on learning Dutch phonotactic rules using Inductive Logic Programming, a machine learning discipline based on inductive logical operators. Two different ways of approaching the problem are experimented with,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2007-08-14 Stasinos Konstantopoulos

We introduce neural networks for end-to-end differentiable proving of queries to knowledge bases by operating on dense vector representations of symbols. These neural networks are constructed recursively by taking inspiration from the…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Tim Rocktäschel , Sebastian Riedel

Combining machine learning with logic-based expert systems in order to get the best of both worlds are becoming increasingly popular. However, to what extent machine learning can already learn to reason over rule-based knowledge is still an…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2019-03-11 Nuri Cingillioglu , Alessandra Russo

While differentiable logic gates have shown promise in feedforward networks, their application to sequential modeling remains unexplored. This paper presents the first implementation of Recurrent Deep Differentiable Logic Gate Networks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-08-11 Simon Bührer , Andreas Plesner , Till Aczel , Roger Wattenhofer

Deep learning has emerged as a versatile tool for a wide range of NLP tasks, due to its superior capacity in representation learning. But its applicability is limited by the reliance on annotated examples, which are difficult to produce at…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-08-28 Hai Wang , Hoifung Poon

Inductive Logic Programming (ILP) is a principled approach for generalizing regularities from data and constructing hypotheses as interpretable logic programs. However, a key limitation is its reliance on expert-crafted language bias - the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-01-21 Yang Yang , Jiemin Wu , Yutao Yue

Inductive logic programming is a form of machine learning based on mathematical logic that generates logic programs from given examples and background knowledge. In this project, we extend the Popper ILP system to make use of multi-task…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-08-25 Bogdan Cretu , Andrew Cropper

A key feature of inductive logic programming (ILP) is its ability to learn first-order programs, which are intrinsically more expressive than propositional programs. In this paper, we introduce techniques to learn higher-order programs.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-07-26 Andrew Cropper , Rolf Morel , Stephen H. Muggleton

Probabilistic neurosymbolic learning seeks to integrate neural networks with symbolic programming. Many state-of-the-art systems rely on a reduction to the Probabilistic Weighted Model Counting Problem (PWMC), which requires computing a…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-01-31 Thomas Jean-Michel Valentin , Luisa Sophie Werner , Pierre Genevès , Nabil Layaïda

Pre-trained language models (PLMs) have made significant advances in natural language inference (NLI) tasks, however their sensitivity to textual perturbations and dependence on large datasets indicate an over-reliance on shallow…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-14 Mingyue Liu , Ryo Ueda , Zhen Wan , Katsumi Inoue , Chris G. Willcocks