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Ethereum has become a widely used platform to enable secure, Blockchain-based financial and business transactions. However, a major concern in Ethereum is the security of its smart contracts. Many identified bugs and vulnerabilities in…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-05-21 Zhipeng Gao , Vinoj Jayasundara , Lingxiao Jiang , Xin Xia , David Lo , John Grundy

Smart contracts on blockchains are prone to diverse security vulnerabilities that can lead to significant financial losses due to their immutable nature. Existing detection approaches often lack flexibility across vulnerability types and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Xing Zhang , Keyu Zhang , Taohong Zhu , Anbang Ruan

Large language models (LLMs) excel at generating code from natural language instructions, yet they often lack an understanding of security vulnerabilities. This limitation makes it difficult for LLMs to avoid security risks in generated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-08 Lingxiang Wang , Hainan Zhang , Qinnan Zhang , Ziwei Wang , Hongwei Zheng , Jin Dong , Zhiming Zheng

Ensuring correctness of smart contracts is paramount to ensuring trust in blockchain-based systems. This paper studies the safety and security of smart contracts in the \emph{Azure Blockchain Workbench}, an enterprise…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2019-04-30 Yuepeng Wang , Shuvendu K. Lahiri , Shuo Chen , Rong Pan , Isil Dillig , Cody Born , Immad Naseer

Blockchain systems have received much attention and promise to revolutionize many services. Yet, despite their popularity, current blockchain systems exist in isolation, that is, they cannot share information. While interoperability is…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-04-24 Enrique Fynn , Alysson Bessani , Fernando Pedone

Blockchain technology and artificial intelligence (AI) are current hot topics in research and practice. However, the potentials of their combination have been studied just recently to a larger extend. While different use cases for combining…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2020-03-24 Philipp Brune

Bitcoin has attracted everyone's attention and interest recently. Ethereum (ETH), a second generation cryptocurrency, extends Bitcoin's design by offering a Turing-complete programming language called Solidity to develop smart contracts.…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2018-04-05 Jiao Jiao , Shuanglong Kan , Shang-Wei Lin , David Sanan , Yang Liu , Jun Sun

Software contracts allow programmers to state rich program properties using the full expressive power of an object language. However, since they are enforced at runtime, monitoring contracts imposes significant overhead and delays error…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2017-11-13 Phuc C. Nguyen , Thomas Gilray , Sam Tobin-Hochstadt , David Van Horn

Although almost all information about Smart Contract addresses is shared via websites, emails, or other forms of digital communication, Blockchains and distributed ledger technology are unable to establish secure bindings between websites…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-04-30 Ulrich Gallersdörfer , Florian Matthes

Blockchain platforms such as Ethereum and several others execute complex transactions in blocks through user-defined scripts known as smart contracts. To append a correct block into blockchain, miners execute these transactions of smart…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Parwat Singh Anjana , Sweta Kumari , Sathya Peri , Sachin Rathor , Archit Somani

We put forward the idea that classical blockchains and smart contracts are potentially useful primitives not only for classical cryptography, but for quantum cryptography as well. Abstractly, a smart contract is a functionality that allows…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-07-22 Andrea Coladangelo , Or Sattath

Modern blockchains support a variety of distributed applications beyond cryptocurrencies, including smart contracts -- which let users execute arbitrary code in a distributed and decentralized fashion. Regardless of their intended…

Distributed, Parallel, and Cluster Computing · Computer Science 2021-01-15 Orestis Alpos , Christian Cachin , Giorgia Azzurra Marson , Luca Zanolini

A smart grid is an important application in Industry 4.0 with a lot of new technologies and equipment working together. Hence, sensitive data stored in the smart grid is vulnerable to malicious modification and theft. This paper proposes a…

Smart contracts on the blockchain offer decentralized financial services but often lack robust security measures, leading to significant economic losses. While substantial research has focused on identifying vulnerabilities in smart…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-10-18 Youwei Huang , Sen Fang , Jianwen Li , Bin Hu , Tao Zhang

Smart contracts are widely utilized in cross-chain interactions, where their results are transmitted from one blockchain (the producer blockchain) to another (the consumer blockchain). Unfortunately, the consumer blockchain often accepts…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2024-08-20 Hong Su

Digital payments play a pivotal role in the burgeoning digital economy. Moving forward, the enhancement of digital payment systems necessitates programmability, going beyond just efficiency and convenience, to meet the evolving needs and…

Trading and Market Microstructure · Quantitative Finance 2025-09-01 Zijia Meng , Victor Feng

Smart contracts, integral to blockchain ecosystems, enable decentralized applications to execute predefined operations without intermediaries. Their ability to enforce trustless interactions has made them a core component of platforms such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-06-10 Mesut Ozdag

Smart contracts are Turing-complete programs that execute on the infrastructure of the blockchain, which often manage valuable digital assets. Solidity is one of the most popular programming languages for writing smart contracts on the…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2020-04-21 Tai D. Nguyen , Long H. Pham , Jun Sun , Yun Lin , Quang Tran Minh

We identify a subtle security issue that impacts the design of smart contracts, because agents may themselves deploy smart contracts (side contracts). Typically, equilibria of games are analyzed in vitro, under the assumption that players…

Computer Science and Game Theory · Computer Science 2023-05-05 Daji Landis , Nikolaj I. Schwartzbach

Emin G\"un Sirer once said: It's clear that writing a robust, secure smart contract requires extreme amounts of diligence. It's more similar to writing code for a nuclear power reactor, than to writing loose web code [...] Yet the current…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2019-08-05 Gustavo Betarte , Maximiliano Cristiá , Carlos Luna , Adrián Silveira , Dante Zanarini