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Homophones present a significant challenge to authors in any languages due to their similarities of pronunciations but different meanings and spellings. This issue is particularly pronounced in the Khmer language, rich in homophones due to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-19 Seanghort Born , Madeth May , Claudine Piau-Toffolon , Sébastien Iksal

Bangla is a language spoken by approximately 240 million native speakers and around 300 million people worldwide. Despite being the 5th largest spoken language in the world, Bangla is still a "low-resource" language, and existing pretrained…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-08 Abdullah Khan Zehady , Shubhashis Roy Dipta , Naymul Islam , Safi Al Mamun , Santu Karmaker

Tibetan, one of the major low-resource languages in Asia, presents unique linguistic and sociocultural characteristics that pose both challenges and opportunities for AI research. Despite increasing interest in developing AI systems for…

Large Language Models (LLMs) have shown significant advances in the past year. In addition to new versions of GPT and Llama, several other LLMs have been introduced recently. Some of these are open models available for download and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-01 Ravindu Jayakody , Gihan Dias

Natural language processing (NLP) has a significant impact on society via technologies such as machine translation and search engines. Despite its success, NLP technology is only widely available for high-resource languages such as English…

Natural language processing (NLP) systems have become a central technology in communication, education, medicine, artificial intelligence, and many other domains of research and development. While the performance of NLP methods has grown…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Damián Blasi , Antonios Anastasopoulos , Graham Neubig

This research provides the first comprehensive analysis of the performance of pre-trained language models for Sinhala text classification. We test on a set of different Sinhala text classification tasks and our analysis shows that out of…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Vinura Dhananjaya , Piyumal Demotte , Surangika Ranathunga , Sanath Jayasena

There is an emerging effort to develop NLP for Indonesias 700+ local languages, but progress remains costly due to the need for direct engagement with native speakers. However, it is unclear what these language communities truly need from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-30 Muhammad Dehan Al Kautsar , Lucky Susanto , Derry Wijaya , Fajri Koto

When solving tasks in the field of natural language processing, we sometimes need dictionary tools, such as lexicons, word form dictionaries or knowledge bases. However, the availability of dictionary data is insufficient in many languages,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-02 Miroslav Blšták

Figures of Speech (FoS) consist of multi-word phrases that are deeply intertwined with culture. While Neural Machine Translation (NMT) performs relatively well with the figurative expressions of high-resource languages, it often faces…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-11 Johan Sofalas , Dilushri Pavithra , Nevidu Jayatilleke , Ruvan Weerasinghe

The recent advances in deep-learning have led to the development of highly sophisticated systems with an unquenchable appetite for data. On the other hand, building good deep-learning models for low-resource languages remains a challenging…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-20 Maithili Sabane , Onkar Litake , Aman Chadha

In recent years, the natural language processing (NLP) community has given increased attention to the disparity of efforts directed towards high-resource languages over low-resource ones. Efforts to remedy this delta often begin with…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-06-02 Heather Lent , Kelechi Ogueji , Miryam de Lhoneux , Orevaoghene Ahia , Anders Søgaard

Comprehensive monolingual Natural Language Processing (NLP) surveys are essential for assessing language-specific challenges, resource availability, and research gaps. However, existing surveys often lack standardized methodologies, leading…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-19 Juli Bakagianni , Kanella Pouli , Maria Gavriilidou , John Pavlopoulos

For machine translation, a vast majority of language pairs in the world are considered low-resource because they have little parallel data available. Besides the technical challenges of learning with limited supervision, it is difficult to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-09-17 Francisco Guzmán , Peng-Jen Chen , Myle Ott , Juan Pino , Guillaume Lample , Philipp Koehn , Vishrav Chaudhary , Marc'Aurelio Ranzato

This review paper provides a comprehensive overview of large language model (LLM) research directions within Indic languages. Indic languages are those spoken in the Indian subcontinent, including India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-17 Sankalp KJ , Vinija Jain , Sreyoshi Bhaduri , Tamoghna Roy , Aman Chadha

The rapid development of Large Language Models (LLMs) demonstrates remarkable multilingual capabilities in natural language processing, attracting global attention in both academia and industry. To mitigate potential discrimination and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-08 Kaiyu Huang , Fengran Mo , Xinyu Zhang , Hongliang Li , You Li , Yuanchi Zhang , Weijian Yi , Yulong Mao , Jinchen Liu , Yuzhuang Xu , Jinan Xu , Jian-Yun Nie , Yang Liu

An increase in the use of smartphones has laid to the use of the internet and social media platforms. The most commonly used social media platforms are Twitter, Facebook, WhatsApp and Instagram. People are sharing their personal…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Sonali Rajesh Shah , Abhishek Kaushik

Bangla, the seventh most widely spoken language worldwide with 300 million native speakers, faces digital under-representation due to limited resources and lack of annotated datasets. Stemming, a critical preprocessing step in language…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Abhijit Paul , Mashiat Amin Farin , Sharif Md. Abdullah , Ahmedul Kabir , Zarif Masud , Shebuti Rayana

With the advent of Web 2.0, the development in social technology coupled with global communication systematically brought positive and negative impacts to society. Copyright claims and Author identification are deemed crucial as there has…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-01-17 Nabeelah Faumi , Adeepa Gunathilake , Benura Wickramanayake , Deelaka Dias , TGDK Sumanathilaka

Background: Clinical natural language processing (NLP) refers to the use of computational methods for extracting, processing, and analyzing unstructured clinical text data, and holds a huge potential to transform healthcare in various…