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We introduce LegalBench-BR, the first public benchmark for evaluating language models on Brazilian legal text classification. The dataset comprises 3,105 appellate proceedings from the Santa Catarina State Court (TJSC), collected via the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-23 Pedro Barbosa de Carvalho Neto

Large Language Model (LLM) pre-training exhausts an ever growing compute budget, yet recent research has demonstrated that careful document selection enables comparable model quality with only a fraction of the FLOPs. Inspired by efforts…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-10 Xiang Kong , Tom Gunter , Ruoming Pang

The prevalence of Large Language Models (LLMs) for generating multilingual text and source code has only increased the imperative for machine-generated content detectors to be accurate and efficient across domains. Current detectors,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-10-23 Shriyansh Agrawal , Aidan Lau , Sanyam Shah , Ahan M R , Kevin Zhu , Sunishchal Dev , Vasu Sharma

Multi-label requirements classification is a challenging task, especially when dealing with numerous classes at varying levels of abstraction. The difficulties increases when a limited number of requirements is available to train a…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-04-24 Waleed Abdeen , Michael Unterkalmsteiner , Krzysztof Wnuk , Alessio Ferrari , Panagiota Chatzipetrou

In this work, we carried out a study about the use of attention-based algorithms to automate the categorization of Brazilian case law documents. We used data from the Kollemata Project to produce two distinct datasets with adequate class…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-03-15 Felipe R. Serras , Marcelo Finger

Multi-label text classification (MLTC) is an attractive and challenging task in natural language processing (NLP). Compared with single-label text classification, MLTC has a wider range of applications in practice. In this paper, we propose…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-24 Irene Li , Aosong Feng , Hao Wu , Tianxiao Li , Toyotaro Suzumura , Ruihai Dong

Pretrained language models have improved zero-shot text classification by allowing the transfer of semantic knowledge from the training data in order to classify among specific label sets in downstream tasks. We propose a simple way to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Lingyu Gao , Debanjan Ghosh , Kevin Gimpel

Conventional approaches to text classification typically assume the existence of a fixed set of predefined labels to which a given text can be classified. However, in real-world applications, there exists an infinite label space for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-29 Christopher Clarke , Yuzhao Heng , Yiping Kang , Krisztian Flautner , Lingjia Tang , Jason Mars

Patient experience and care quality are crucial for a hospital's sustainability and reputation. The analysis of patient feedback offers valuable insight into patient satisfaction and outcomes. However, the unstructured nature of these…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-21 Hajar Sakai , Sarah S. Lam , Mohammadsadegh Mikaeili , Joshua Bosire , Franziska Jovin

Multi-label text classification is a critical task in the industry. It helps to extract structured information from large amount of textual data. We propose Text to Topic (Text2Topic), which achieves high multi-label classification…

Traditional text classification approaches often require a good amount of labeled data, which is difficult to obtain, especially in restricted domains or less widespread languages. This lack of labeled data has led to the rise of…

In the realm of artificial intelligence, where a vast majority of data is unstructured, obtaining substantial amounts of labeled data to train supervised machine learning models poses a significant challenge. To address this, we delve into…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-19 Natan Vidra , Thomas Clifford , Katherine Jijo , Eden Chung , Liang Zhang

In this study, we compared the performance of four different methods for multi label text classification using a specific imbalanced business dataset. The four methods we evaluated were fine tuned BERT, Binary Relevance, Classifier Chains,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2023-06-13 Muhammad Arslan , Christophe Cruz

One of the principal tasks of machine learning with major applications is text classification. This paper focuses on the legal domain and, in particular, on the classification of lengthy legal documents. The main challenge that this study…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-12-17 Lulu Wan , George Papageorgiou , Michael Seddon , Mirko Bernardoni

Large, pre-trained transformer models like BERT have achieved state-of-the-art results on document understanding tasks, but most implementations can only consider 512 tokens at a time. For many real-world applications, documents can be much…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Allison Hegel , Marina Shah , Genevieve Peaslee , Brendan Roof , Emad Elwany

Multi-label text classification (MLTC) aims to annotate documents with the most relevant labels from a number of candidate labels. In real applications, the distribution of label frequency often exhibits a long tail, i.e., a few labels are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-01-26 Lin Xiao , Xiangliang Zhang , Liping Jing , Chi Huang , Mingyang Song

A major challenge of multi-label text classification (MLTC) is to stimulatingly exploit possible label differences and label correlations. In this paper, we tackle this challenge by developing Label-Wise Pre-Training (LW-PT) method to get a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-08-18 Han Liu , Caixia Yuan , Xiaojie Wang

Zero-shot text classification (ZSC) offers the promise of eliminating costly task-specific annotation by matching texts directly to human-readable label descriptions. While early approaches have predominantly relied on cross-encoder models…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-13 Ilias Aarab

In this paper, we address the task of semantic segmentation of legal documents through rhetorical role classification, with a focus on Indian legal judgments. We introduce LegalSeg, the largest annotated dataset for this task, comprising…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-02-11 Shubham Kumar Nigam , Tanmay Dubey , Govind Sharma , Noel Shallum , Kripabandhu Ghosh , Arnab Bhattacharya

Automatic legal judgment prediction and its explanation suffer from the problem of long case documents exceeding tens of thousands of words, in general, and having a non-uniform structure. Predicting judgments from such documents and…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2024-07-01 Nishchal Prasad , Mohand Boughanem , Taoufik Dkaki