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Lately, propelled by the phenomenal advances around the transformer architecture, the legal NLP field has enjoyed spectacular growth. To measure progress, well curated and challenging benchmarks are crucial. However, most benchmarks are…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-01-09 Joel Niklaus , Veton Matoshi , Pooja Rani , Andrea Galassi , Matthias Stürmer , Ilias Chalkidis

Recent advances in natural language processing (NLP), particularly large language models (LLMs), have motivated the automatic translation of natural language statements into formal logic without human intervention. This enables automated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-03 Muyu Pan , Dheeraj Kodakandla , Mahfuza Farooque

Despite their remarkable abilities in various tasks, large language models (LLMs) still struggle with real-time information (e.g., new facts and terms) due to the knowledge cutoff in their development process. However, existing benchmarks…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-29 Hexuan Deng , Wenxiang Jiao , Xuebo Liu , Min Zhang , Zhaopeng Tu

Lexical normalisation (LN) is the process of correcting each word in a dataset to its canonical form so that it may be more easily and more accurately analysed. Most lexical normalisation systems operate at the character-level, while…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Michael Stewart , Wei Liu , Rachel Cardell-Oliver

Type theories, logical frameworks and meta-languages form a common foundation for designing, implementing, and reasoning about formal languages and their semantics. They are central to the design of modern programming languages, certified…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2010-09-14 Karl Crary , Marino Miculan

Thanks to their linguistic capabilities, LLMs offer an opportunity to bridge the gap between informal mathematics and formal languages through autoformalization. However, it is still unclear how well LLMs generalize to sophisticated and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-05 Lan Zhang , Marco Valentino , Andre Freitas

Large Language Models (LLM) have revolutionized Natural Language Processing (NLP), improving state-of-the-art and exhibiting emergent capabilities across various tasks. However, their application in extracting information from visually rich…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Vincent Perot , Kai Kang , Florian Luisier , Guolong Su , Xiaoyu Sun , Ramya Sree Boppana , Zilong Wang , Zifeng Wang , Jiaqi Mu , Hao Zhang , Chen-Yu Lee , Nan Hua

Large language models (LLMs) have transformed human writing by enhancing grammar correction, content expansion, and stylistic refinement. However, their widespread use raises concerns about authorship, originality, and ethics, even…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-21 Zhen Tao , Zhiyu Li , Runyu Chen , Dinghao Xi , Wei Xu

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved remarkable progress in recent years, driving their adoption across a wide range of domains, including computer security. In reverse engineering, LLMs are increasingly applied to critical tasks such…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-05-01 Jun Yeon Won , Xin Jin , Shiqing Ma , Zhiqiang Lin

Large language models (LLMs) are a class of language models that have demonstrated outstanding performance across a range of natural language processing (NLP) tasks and have become a highly sought-after research area, because of their…

Digital Libraries · Computer Science 2023-04-06 Lizhou Fan , Lingyao Li , Zihui Ma , Sanggyu Lee , Huizi Yu , Libby Hemphill

This paper introduces the L-ReLF (Low-Resource Lexical Framework), a novel, reproducible methodology for creating high-quality, structured lexical datasets for underserved languages. The lack of standardized terminology, exemplified by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Anass Sedrati , Mounir Afifi , Reda Benkhadra

Mainframe operating systems, despite their inception in the 1940s, continue to support critical sectors like finance and government. However, these systems are often viewed as outdated, requiring extensive maintenance and modernization.…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-27 Anh T. V. Dau , Hieu Trung Dao , Anh Tuan Nguyen , Hieu Trung Tran , Phong X. Nguyen , Nghi D. Q. Bui

The widespread adoption of large language models (LLMs) has created an urgent need for robust tools to detect LLM-generated text, especially in light of \textit{paraphrasing} techniques that often evade existing detection methods. To…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-11-21 Weiqing He , Bojian Hou , Tianqi Shang , Davoud Ataee Tarzanagh , Qi Long , Li Shen

The alignment of large language models (LLMs) aims to ensure their outputs adhere to human values, ethical standards, and legal norms. Traditional alignment methods often rely on resource-intensive fine-tuning (FT), which may suffer from…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-09-11 Birong Pan , Yongqi Li , Weiyu Zhang , Wenpeng Lu , Mayi Xu , Shen Zhou , Yuanyuan Zhu , Ming Zhong , Tieyun Qian

Large Language Models (LLMs) are rapidly reshaping machine translation (MT), particularly by introducing instruction-following, in-context learning, and preference-based alignment into what has traditionally been a supervised…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-29 Baban Gain , Dibyanayan Bandyopadhyay , Asif Ekbal , Trilok Nath Singh

This study investigated the integration readiness of four predominant cybersecurity Governance, Risk and Compliance (GRC) frameworks - NIST CSF 2.0, COBIT 2019, ISO 27001:2022, and the latest ISO 42001:2023 - for the opportunities, risks,…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2024-06-25 Timothy R. McIntosh , Teo Susnjak , Tong Liu , Paul Watters , Raza Nowrozy , Malka N. Halgamuge

Growing renewable penetration introduces substantial uncertainty into power system operations, necessitating frequent adaptation of dispatch objectives and constraints and challenging expertise-intensive, near-real-time modeling workflows.…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2026-05-25 Chao Shen , Zihan Guo , Xu Wan , Zhenghao Yang , Yifan Zhang , Wengi Huang , Jie Song , Zongyan Zhang , Mingyang Sun

Large Language Models (LLMs) have achieved state-of-the-art results across diverse domains, yet their development remains reliant on vast amounts of publicly available data, raising concerns about data scarcity and the lack of access to…

Utilizing large language models (LLMs) for document reranking has been a popular and promising research direction in recent years, many studies are dedicated to improving the performance and efficiency of using LLMs for reranking. Besides,…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2025-04-11 Qi Liu , Haozhe Duan , Yiqun Chen , Quanfeng Lu , Weiwei Sun , Jiaxin Mao

We introduce OPENXRD, a comprehensive benchmarking framework for evaluating large language models (LLMs) and multimodal LLMs (MLLMs) in crystallography question answering. The framework measures context assimilation, or how models use…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-03-11 Ali Vosoughi , Ayoub Shahnazari , Yufeng Xi , Zeliang Zhang , Griffin Hess , Chenliang Xu , Niaz Abdolrahim