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We study the problem of estimating the average of a Lipschitz continuous function $f$ defined over a metric space, by querying $f$ at only a single point. More specifically, we explore the role of randomness in drawing this sample. Our goal…

AI alignment and participatory design motivate a new democratic design problem: how to collectively choose a decision rule to use repeatedly. We study this problem for linear ranking rules, which repeatedly rank items $x_j$ within batches…

The truncated variation, $TV^c$, is a fairly new concept introduced in [5]. Roughly speaking, given a c\`adl\`ag function $f$, its truncated variation is "the total variation which does not pay attention to small changes of $f$, below some…

We prove that for any regulated function $f:\left[a,b\right]\rightarrow\mathbb{R}$ and $c\geq 0$ the infimum of the total variations of functions approximating $f$ with accuracy $c/2$ is equal $\int_{\mathbb{R}} n_{c}^{y} \mathrm{d} y,$…

The goal of this work is to study the space of continuous functions whose ergodic averages converge everywhere towards a continuous function. We will connect, as in the case of a metric study, the convergence of the ergodic averages and the…

We consider Bayesian variable selection for binary outcomes under a probit link with a spike-and-slab prior on the regression coefficients. Motivated by the computational challenges encountered by Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) samplers in…

The sampling of functions of bounded variation (BV) is a long-standing problem in op- timization. The ability to sample such functions has relevance in the field of variational inverse problems, where the standard theory fails to guarantee…

We prove an extension theorem (with non-tangential limits) for vector-valued Baire one functions. Moreover, at every point where the function is continuous (or bounded), the continuity (or boundedness) is preserved. More precisely: Let $H$…

The usual $\epsilon,\delta$-definition of the limit of a function (whether presented at a rigorous or an intuitive level) requires a "candidate $L$" for the limit value. Thus, we have to start our first calculus course with "guessing"…

The purpose of this paper is to introduce the notion of a generalized derivation which derivates a prescribed family of smooth vector-valued functions of several variables. The basic calculus rules are established and then a result derived…

It is well known that for analytic cost functions, gradient flow trajectories have finite length and converge to a single critical point. The gradient conjecture of R. Thom states that, again for analytic cost functions, whenever the…

We consider independent random variables (r.v.'s) with a common mean $\mu$ that either satisfy Lindeberg's condition, or are symmetric around $\mu$. Present forms of existing functional central limit theorems (FCLT's) for Studentized…

We derive exact calculus rules for the directed subdifferential defined for the class of directed subdifferentiable functions. We also state optimality conditions, a chain rule and a mean-value theorem. Thus we extend the theory of the…

Let us assume that $f$ is a continuous function defined on the unit ball of $\mathbb R^d$, of the form $f(x) = g (A x)$, where $A$ is a $k \times d$ matrix and $g$ is a function of $k$ variables for $k \ll d$. We are given a budget $m \in…

For any real sequence {c(n)} tending to infinity as n tends to infinity, this constructs a function f which is continuous and integrable, and such that for every nonzero x, limsup c(n) f(n x) is infinite.

For fixed natural numbers $r$ and $s$, where $2\leq s \leq r$, we consider a representation of numbers from the interval $[0;\frac{r}{s-1}]$ obtained by encoding numbers by means of the alphabet $A=\{0,1,...,r\}$ via the expansion…

In this paper, we show the existence of a transcendental function $f\in\mathbb{Z}\{z\}$ with coefficients that are almost all bounded such that $f$ and all its derivatives assume algebraic values at algebraic points. Furthermore, we…

If there is a topologically locally constant family of smooth algebraic varieties together with an admissible normal function on the total space, then the latter is constant on any fiber if this holds on some fiber. Combined with spreading…

A new derivative, called deformable derivative, is introduced here which is equivalent to ordinary derivative in the sense that one implies other. The deformable derivative is defined using limit approach like that of ordinary one but with…

We extend the classical Lebesgue and Fubini differentiation theorems to functions of several variables, using the notions of joint derivative and joint monotonicity. Our first main result shows that for a function $f$ of bounded variation,…