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In this paper we give two new criteria of detecting the checkerboard colorability of virtual links by using odd writhe and arrow polynomial of virtual links, respectively. By applying new criteria, we prove that 6 virtual knots are not…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-02-19 Qingying Deng , Xian'an Jin , Louis H. Kauffman

Kashaev and Reshetikhin previously described a way to define holonomy invariants of knots using quantum $\mathfrak{sl}_2$ at a root of unity. These are generalized quantum invariants depend both on a knot $K$ and a representation of the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-08-17 Kai-Chieh Chen , Calvin McPhail-Snyder , Scott Morrison , Noah Snyder

Every torus knot can be represented as a Fourier-(1,1,2) knot which is the simplest possible Fourier representation for such a knot. This answers a question of Kauffman and confirms the conjecture made by Boocher, Daigle, Hoste and Zheng.…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-08-28 Jim Hoste

Most results on the value sets $V_f$ of polynomials $f \in \mathbb{F}_q[x]$ relate the cardinality $|V_f|$ to the degree of $f$. In particular, the structure of the spectrum of the class of polynomials of a fixed degree $d$ is rather well…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2017-01-24 Leyla Işık , Alev Topuzoğlu

Kishino's knot is not detected by the fundamental group or the bracket polynomial; these invariants cannot differentiate between Kishino's knot and the unknot. However, we can show that Kishino's knot is not equivalent to unknot by applying…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 H. A. Dye

Symmetries of knots have been studied extensively, and strongly invertible knots are one of them. Lamm defined the equivariant crossing number $c_t(K)$, the minimum crossing number among all symmetric diagrams for a strongly invertible knot…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2023-04-04 Jundai Nanasawa

We define invariants of unoriented knots and links by enhancing the integral kei counting invariant Phi_X^Z (K) for a finite kei X using representations of the kei algebra, Z_K[X], a quotient of the quandle algebra Z[X] defined by…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2011-02-23 Mike Grier , Sam Nelson

This paper employs various computational techniques to determine the bridge numbers of both classical and virtual knots. For classical knots, there is no ambiguity of what the bridge number means. For virtual knots, there are multiple…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-05-10 Hanh Vo , Puttipong Pongtanapaisan , Thieu Nguyen

We answer a question posed by Fielder in [1] concerning two notions of crossing number for algebraic knots $K$ under Hopf fibration, one topological, denoted $h(K)$, the other coming from the realization of such knots around complex…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2020-06-30 Maciej Mroczkowski

We construct explicitly the Khovanov homology theory for virtual links with arbitrary coefficients by using the twisted coefficients method. This method also works for constructing Khovanov homology for ``non-oriented virtual knots'' in the…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Vassily Olegovich Manturov

We construct new knot polynomials. Let $V$ be the standard solid torus in 3-space and let $pr$ be its standard projection onto an annulus. Let $M$ be the space of all smooth oriented knots in $V$ such that the restriction of $pr$ is an…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Thomas Fiedler

We show that all knots up to $6$ crossings can be represented by polynomial knots of degree at most $7$, among which except for $5_2, 5_2^*, 6_1, 6_1^*, 6_2, 6_2^*$ and $6_3$ all are in their minimal degree representation. We provide…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2021-01-05 Rama Mishra , Hitesh Raundal

Both classical and virtual knots arise as formal Gauss diagrams modulo some abstract moves corresponding to Reidemeister moves. If we forget about both over/under crossings structure and writhe numbers of knots modulo the same Reidemeister…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-02-03 Vassily Olegovich Manturov

A virtual link diagram is called {\em (mod $m$) almost classical} if it admits a (mod $m$) Alexander numbering. In \cite{BodenGaudreauHarperNicasWhite}, it is shown that Alexander polynomial for almost classical links can be defined by…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-08-22 Seongjeong Kim

In this report, I will start by first giving a brief introduction on knots to build some intuition before beginning the more rigorous review in the Literature Review section. There, I will define knot equivalence, the Jones polynomial…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2022-02-15 Matthew Stevens

We describe a way of representing finite biquandles with n elements as 2n x 2n block matrices. Any finite biquandle defines an invariant of virtual knots through counting homomorphisms. The counting invariants of non-quandle biquandles can…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2007-05-23 Sam Nelson , John Vo

For any virtual link, a class of new links can be defined called stacks, in which copies of the virtual link are placed on top of one another. The resulting virtual link depends only on the virtual isotopy class of the original link, and…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-02-04 Blake K Winter

We compute lower bounds on the virtual crossing number and minimal surface genus of virtual knot diagrams from the arrow polynomial. In particular, we focus on several interesting examples.

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2009-04-10 Kumud Bhandari , H. A. Dye , Louis H. Kauffman

We define a family of quiver representation-valued invariants of oriented classical and virtual knots and links associated to a choice of finite quandle $X$, abelian group $A$, set of quandle 2-cocycles $C\subset H^2_Q(x;A)$, choice of…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2024-12-24 Sam Nelson

In this paper we discuss a pair of polynomial knot invariants $\Theta=(\Delta,\theta)$ which is: * Theoretically and practically fast: $\Theta$ can be computed in polynomial time. We can compute it in full on random knots with over 300…

Geometric Topology · Mathematics 2026-05-07 Dror Bar-Natan , Roland van der Veen