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While originally developed for continuous control problems, Proximal Policy Optimization (PPO) has emerged as the work-horse of a variety of reinforcement learning (RL) applications, including the fine-tuning of generative models.…

We study the problem of programmatic reinforcement learning, in which policies are represented as short programs in a symbolic language. Programmatic policies can be more interpretable, generalizable, and amenable to formal verification…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-01-21 Abhinav Verma , Hoang M. Le , Yisong Yue , Swarat Chaudhuri

Prompt optimization is essential for enhancing the performance of Large Language Models (LLMs) in a range of Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks, particularly in scenarios of few-shot learning where training examples are incorporated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-08-15 Dai Do , Quan Tran , Svetha Venkatesh , Hung Le

Reinforcement learning (RL) is a fundamental framework for sequential decision-making, in which an agent learns an optimal policy through interactions with an unknown environment. In settings with function approximation, many existing RL…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-05 Ruiquan Huang , Donghao Li , Yingbin Liang , Jing Yang

Reinforcement learning has traditionally been studied with exponential discounting or the average reward setup, mainly due to their mathematical tractability. However, such frameworks fall short of accurately capturing human behavior, which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 S. R. Eshwar , Mayank Motwani , Nibedita Roy , Gugan Thoppe

Hyperparameter optimization (HPO) is critical for enhancing the performance of machine learning models, yet it often involves a computationally intensive search across a large parameter space. Traditional approaches such as Grid Search and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-24 Md. Tarek Hasan

Deep learning based molecular graph generation and optimization has recently been attracting attention due to its great potential for de novo drug design. On the one hand, recent models are able to efficiently learn a given graph…

Chemical Physics · Physics 2021-06-28 Rémy Brossard , Oriel Frigo , David Dehaene

Evaluating the adversarial robustness of machine learning models using gradient-based attacks is challenging. In this work, we show that hyperparameter optimization can improve fast minimum-norm attacks by automating the selection of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-13 Giuseppe Floris , Raffaele Mura , Luca Scionis , Giorgio Piras , Maura Pintor , Ambra Demontis , Battista Biggio

Recent advances in large language models (LLMs) have led to models that tackle diverse molecular tasks, such as chemical reaction prediction and molecular property prediction. Large-scale molecular instruction-tuning datasets have enabled…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-27 Chanhui Lee , Hanbum Ko , Yuheon Song , YongJun Jeong , Rodrigo Hormazabal , Sehui Han , Kyunghoon Bae , Sungbin Lim , Sungwoong Kim

This paper aims for set-to-hypergraph prediction, where the goal is to infer the set of relations for a given set of entities. This is a common abstraction for applications in particle physics, biological systems, and combinatorial…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-01-18 David W. Zhang , Gertjan J. Burghouts , Cees G. M. Snoek

Neural control of memory-constrained, agile robots requires small, yet highly performant models. We leverage graph hyper networks to learn graph hyper policies trained with off-policy reinforcement learning resulting in networks that are…

Robotics · Computer Science 2022-10-04 Shashank Hegde , Gaurav S. Sukhatme

We present Memory Augmented Policy Optimization (MAPO), a simple and novel way to leverage a memory buffer of promising trajectories to reduce the variance of policy gradient estimate. MAPO is applicable to deterministic environments with…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-15 Chen Liang , Mohammad Norouzi , Jonathan Berant , Quoc Le , Ni Lao

Reinforcement learning has emerged as a paradigm for post-training large language models, boosting their reasoning capabilities. Such approaches compute an advantage value for each sample, reflecting better or worse performance than…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Changpeng Yang , Jinyang Wu , Yuchen Liu , Shuai Zhang , Yang Li , Qiliang Liang , Hongzhen Wang , Shuai Nie , Jiaming Xu , Runyu Shi , Ying Huang , Guoquan Zhang

Hyperparameter optimisation (HPO) is crucial for achieving strong performance in reinforcement learning (RL), as RL algorithms are inherently sensitive to hyperparameter settings. Probabilistic Curriculum Learning (PCL) is a curriculum…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-04-10 Llewyn Salt , Marcus Gallagher

Reinforcement learning (RL) has emerged as a powerful approach for tackling complex problems. The recent introduction of multi-objective reinforcement learning (MORL) has further expanded the scope of RL by enabling agents to make…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-10-26 Florian Felten , Daniel Gareev , El-Ghazali Talbi , Grégoire Danoy

Reinforcement learning algorithms describe how an agent can learn an optimal action policy in a sequential decision process, through repeated experience. In a given environment, the agent policy provides him some running and terminal…

Theoretical Economics · Economics 2020-03-24 Arthur Charpentier , Romuald Elie , Carl Remlinger

Faced with data-driven policies, individuals will manipulate their features to obtain favorable decisions. While earlier works cast these manipulations as undesirable gaming, recent works have adopted a more nuanced causal framing in which…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-22 Tom Yan , Shantanu Gupta , Zachary Lipton

Large Language Models (LLMs) show potential as sequential decision-making agents, but their application is often limited due to a reliance on large, computationally expensive models. This creates a need to improve smaller models, yet…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-15 Jim Dilkes , Vahid Yazdanpanah , Sebastian Stein

Designing effective model-based reinforcement learning algorithms is difficult because the ease of data generation must be weighed against the bias of model-generated data. In this paper, we study the role of model usage in policy…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-11-30 Michael Janner , Justin Fu , Marvin Zhang , Sergey Levine

We propose a metalearning approach for learning gradient-based reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms. The idea is to evolve a differentiable loss function, such that an agent, which optimizes its policy to minimize this loss, will achieve…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-01 Rein Houthooft , Richard Y. Chen , Phillip Isola , Bradly C. Stadie , Filip Wolski , Jonathan Ho , Pieter Abbeel