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Grammatical error correction (GEC) aims to improve text quality and readability. Previous work on the task focused primarily on high-resource languages, while low-resource languages lack robust tools. To address this shortcoming, we present…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Mamadou K. Keita , Adwoa Bremang , Huy Le , Dennis Owusu , Christopher Homan , Marcos Zampieri

Currently available grammatical error correction (GEC) datasets are compiled using well-formed written text, limiting the applicability of these datasets to other domains such as informal writing and dialog. In this paper, we present a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-27 Xun Yuan , Derek Pham , Sam Davidson , Zhou Yu

Quality estimation models have been developed to assess the corrections made by grammatical error correction (GEC) models when the reference or gold-standard corrections are not available. An ideal quality estimator can be utilized to…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-10-24 Muhammad Reza Qorib , Hwee Tou Ng

Recent breakthroughs in NLP research, such as the advent of Transformer models have indisputably contributed to major advancements in several tasks. However, few works research robustness and explainability issues of their evaluation…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-10-31 Maria Lymperaiou , George Manoliadis , Orfeas Menis Mastromichalakis , Edmund G. Dervakos , Giorgos Stamou

Recent language models can successfully solve various language-related tasks, and many understand inputs stated in different languages. In this paper, we explore the performance of 17 popular models used to correct grammatical issues in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-12 Dawid Wisniewski , Antoni Solarski , Artur Nowakowski

Language Generation Models produce words based on the previous context. Although existing methods offer input attributions as explanations for a model's prediction, it is still unclear how prior words affect the model's decision throughout…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Javier Ferrando , Gerard I. Gállego , Ioannis Tsiamas , Marta R. Costa-jussà

Language Models are the underpin of all modern Natural Language Processing (NLP) tasks. The introduction of the Transformers architecture has contributed significantly into making Language Modeling very effective across many NLP task,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-11-05 Nikolaos Stylianou , Ioannis Vlahavas

This study explores enhancing grammatical error correction (GEC) through artificial error generation (AEG) using language models (LMs). Specifically, we fine-tune Llama 2-based LMs for error generation and find that this approach yields…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-10-07 Agnes Luhtaru , Taido Purason , Martin Vainikko , Maksym Del , Mark Fishel

Metrics are the foundation for automatic evaluation in grammatical error correction (GEC), with their evaluation of the metrics (meta-evaluation) relying on their correlation with human judgments. However, conventional meta-evaluations in…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-28 Masamune Kobayashi , Masato Mita , Mamoru Komachi

The Transformer architecture has become prominent in developing large causal language models. However, mechanisms to explain its capabilities are not well understood. Focused on the training process, here we establish a meta-learning view…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-03-26 Xinbo Wu , Lav R. Varshney

A Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) system produces a sequence of edits to correct an erroneous sentence. The quality of these edits is typically evaluated against human annotations. However, a sentence may admit multiple valid…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-05-06 Qiyuan Xiao , Xiaoman Wang , Yunshi Lan

Grammatical feedback is crucial for L2 learners, teachers, and testers. Spoken grammatical error correction (GEC) aims to supply feedback to L2 learners on their use of grammar when speaking. This process usually relies on a cascaded…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-07-22 Stefano Bannò , Rao Ma , Mengjie Qian , Kate M. Knill , Mark J. F. Gales

Grammatical error correction (GEC) is the task of detecting and correcting errors in a written text. The idea of combining multiple system outputs has been successfully used in GEC. To achieve successful system combination, multiple…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-29 Wenjuan Han , Hwee Tou Ng

Recently, large language models (LLMs) fine-tuned to follow human instruction have exhibited significant capabilities in various English NLP tasks. However, their performance in grammatical error correction (GEC) tasks, particularly in…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2023-08-10 Sang Yun Kwon , Gagan Bhatia , El Moatez Billah Nagoud , Muhammad Abdul-Mageed

Text editing frames grammatical error correction (GEC) as a sequence tagging problem, where edit tags are assigned to input tokens, and applying these edits results in the corrected text. This approach has gained attention for its…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Bashar Alhafni , Nizar Habash

Resources for Grammatical Error Correction (GEC) in non-English languages are scarce, while available spellcheckers in these languages are mostly limited to simple corrections and rules. In this paper we introduce a first GEC corpus for…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-04-28 Teodor-Mihai Cotet , Stefan Ruseti , Mihai Dascalu

This study explores the necessity of performing cross-corpora evaluation for grammatical error correction (GEC) models. GEC models have been previously evaluated based on a single commonly applied corpus: the CoNLL-2014 benchmark. However,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-04-08 Masato Mita , Tomoya Mizumoto , Masahiro Kaneko , Ryo Nagata , Kentaro Inui

State-of-the-art neural language models (LMs) represented by Transformers are highly complex. Their use of fixed, deterministic parameter estimates fail to account for model uncertainty and lead to over-fitting and poor generalization when…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-02-10 Boyang Xue , Jianwei Yu , Junhao Xu , Shansong Liu , Shoukang Hu , Zi Ye , Mengzhe Geng , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

Large Language Models (LLMs), such as Generative Pre-trained Transformers (GPTs) are revolutionizing the generation of human-like text, producing contextually relevant and syntactically correct content. Despite challenges like biases and…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-08-04 Alper Yaman , Jannik Schwab , Christof Nitsche , Abhirup Sinha , Marco Huber

Current Grammar Error Correction (GEC) initiatives tend to focus on major languages, with less attention given to low-resource languages like Esperanto. In this article, we begin to bridge this gap by first conducting a comprehensive…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-02-19 Junhong Liang
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