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We address the problem of computing the distribution of induced connected subgraphs, aka \emph{graphlets} or \emph{motifs}, in large graphs. The current state-of-the-art algorithms estimate the motif counts via uniform sampling, by…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-07-20 Marco Bressan , Stefano Leucci , Alessandro Panconesi

The identification and counting of small graph patterns, called network motifs, is a fundamental primitive in the analysis of networks, with application in various domains, from social networks to neuroscience. Several techniques have been…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Ilie Sarpe , Fabio Vandin

The mining of pattern subgraphs, known as motifs, is a core task in the field of graph mining. Edges in real-world networks often have timestamps, so there is a need for temporal motif mining. A temporal motif is a richer structure that…

Databases · Computer Science 2025-07-29 Yunjie Pan , Omkar Bhalerao , C. Seshadhri , Nishil Talati

One fundamental problem in temporal graph analysis is to count the occurrences of small connected subgraph patterns (i.e., motifs), which benefits a broad range of real-world applications, such as anomaly detection, structure prediction,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-04-21 Zhongqiang Gao , Chuanqi Cheng , Yanwei Yu , Lei Cao , Chao Huang , Junyu Dong

Counting the number of small subgraphs, called motifs, is a fundamental problem in social network analysis and graph mining. Many real-world networks are directed and temporal, where edges have timestamps. Motif counting in directed,…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Yunjie Pan , Omkar Bhalerao , C. Seshadhri , Nishil Talati

Pattern counting in graphs is fundamental to network science tasks, and there are many scalable methods for approximating counts of small patterns, often called motifs, in large graphs. However, modern graph datasets now contain richer…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2018-10-03 Paul Liu , Austin Benson , Moses Charikar

We introduce Tiered Sampling, a novel technique for approximate counting sparse motifs in massive graphs whose edges are observed in a stream. Our technique requires only a single pass on the data and uses a memory of fixed size $M$, which…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2017-10-06 Lorenzo De Stefani , Erisa Terolli , Eli Upfal

Motif counting plays a crucial role in understanding the structural properties of networks. By computing motif frequencies, researchers can draw key insights into the structural properties of the underlying network. As networks become…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2025-03-26 Haozhe Yin , Kai Wang , Wenjie Zhang , Yizhang He , Ying Zhang , Xuemin Lin

A $k$-motif (or graphlet) is a subgraph on $k$ nodes in a graph or network. Counting of motifs in complex networks has been a well-studied problem in network analysis of various real-word graphs arising from the study of social networks and…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-04-02 Taha Sevim , Muhammet Selçuk Güvel , Lale Özkahya

Counting the frequencies of 3-, 4-, and 5-node undirected motifs (also know as graphlets) is widely used for understanding complex networks such as social and biology networks. However, it is a great challenge to compute these metrics for a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2015-12-18 Pinghui Wang , Jing Tao , Junzhou Zhao , Xiaohong Guan

A great variety of complex systems ranging from user interactions in communication networks to transactions in financial markets can be modeled as temporal graphs, which consist of a set of vertices and a series of timestamped and directed…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-07-29 Jingjing Wang , Yanhao Wang , Wenjun Jiang , Yuchen Li , Kian-Lee Tan

Frequent and structurally related subgraphs, also known as network motifs, are valuable features of many graph datasets. However, the high computational complexity of identifying motif sets in arbitrary datasets (motif mining) has limited…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-08 Carlos Oliver , Dexiong Chen , Vincent Mallet , Pericles Philippopoulos , Karsten Borgwardt

Network motif algorithms have been a topic of research mainly after the 2002-seminal paper from Milo \emph{et al}, that provided motifs as a way to uncover the basic building blocks of most networks. In Bioinformatics, motifs have been…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2013-04-22 Luis A. A. Meira , Vinicius R. Máximo , Álvaro L. Fazenda , Arlindo F. da Conceição

Network motifs are recurrent, small-scale patterns of interactions observed frequently in a system. They shed light on the interplay between the topology and the dynamics of complex networks across various domains. In this work, we focus on…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2023-11-08 Quintino Francesco Lotito , Federico Musciotto , Federico Battiston , Alberto Montresor

Higher-order graph clustering aims to partition the graph using frequently occurring subgraphs. Motif conductance is one of the most promising higher-order graph clustering models due to its strong interpretability. However, existing motif…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2024-06-12 Longlong Lin , Tao Jia , Zeli Wang , Jin Zhao , Rong-Hua Li

A great variety of complex systems, from user interactions in communication networks to transactions in financial markets, can be modeled as temporal graphs consisting of a set of vertices and a series of timestamped and directed edges.…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2022-11-23 Jingjing Wang , Yanhao Wang , Wenjun Jiang , Yuchen Li , Kian-Lee Tan

Counting small subgraphs, referred to as motifs, in large graphs is a fundamental task in graph analysis, extensively studied across various contexts and computational models. In the sublinear-time regime, the relaxed problem of approximate…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2025-03-14 Talya Eden , Reut Levi , Dana Ron , Ronitt Rubinfeld

From social science to biology, numerous applications often rely on graphlets for intuitive and meaningful characterization of networks at both the global macro-level as well as the local micro-level. While graphlets have witnessed a…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2016-02-17 Nesreen K. Ahmed , Jennifer Neville , Ryan A. Rossi , Nick Duffield , Theodore L. Willke

Network motif provides a way to uncover the basic building blocks of most complex networks. This task usually demands high computer processing, specially for motif with 5 or more vertices. This paper presents an extended methodology with…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2018-04-27 Luis A. A. Meira , Vinícius R. Máximo , Alvaro L. Fazenda , Arlindo F. da Conceição

In this paper, we introduce a generalization of graphlets to heterogeneous networks called typed graphlets. Informally, typed graphlets are small typed induced subgraphs. Typed graphlets generalize graphlets to rich heterogeneous networks…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2020-10-28 Ryan A. Rossi , Nesreen K. Ahmed , Aldo Carranza , David Arbour , Anup Rao , Sungchul Kim , Eunyee Koh
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