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As machine learning becomes an important part of many real world applications affecting human lives, new requirements, besides high predictive accuracy, become important. One important requirement is transparency, which has been associated…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-01 Tiago Botari , Rafael Izbicki , Andre C. P. L. F. de Carvalho

We present a probabilistic deep learning methodology that enables the construction of predictive data-driven surrogates for stochastic systems. Leveraging recent advances in variational inference with implicit distributions, we put forth a…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-01-16 Yibo Yang , Paris Perdikaris

Explaining the decisions of models is becoming pervasive in the image processing domain, whether it is by using post-hoc methods or by creating inherently interpretable models. While the widespread use of surrogate explainers is a welcome…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-17 Alexander Hepburn , Raul Santos-Rodriguez

Interpretability has become an essential topic for artificial intelligence in some high-risk domains such as healthcare, bank and security. For commonly-used tabular data, traditional methods trained end-to-end machine learning models with…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-08-18 Haixiao Chi , Dawei Wang , Gaojie Cui , Feng Mao , Beishui Liao

Concept-Based Models (CBMs) are a class of deep learning models that provide interpretability by explaining predictions through high-level concepts. These models first predict concepts and then use them to perform a downstream task.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-27 David Debot , Pietro Barbiero , Gabriele Dominici , Giuseppe Marra

Deep generative models, while revolutionizing fields like image and text generation, largely operate as opaque ``black boxes'', hindering human understanding, control, and alignment. While methods like sparse autoencoders (SAEs) show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-03 Lingjing Kong , Shaoan Xie , Guangyi Chen , Yuewen Sun , Xiangchen Song , Eric P. Xing , Kun Zhang

In recent years, the use of sophisticated statistical models that influence decisions in domains of high societal relevance is on the rise. Although these models can often bring substantial improvements in the accuracy and efficiency of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-04-13 Alfredo Carrillo , Luis F. Cantú , Alejandro Noriega

In explainable artificial intelligence, there is increasing interest in understanding the behaviour of autonomous agents to build trust and validate performance. Modern agent architectures, such as those trained by deep reinforcement…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2020-09-22 Tom Bewley , Jonathan Lawry

Deep neural networks have been well-known for their superb handling of various machine learning and artificial intelligence tasks. However, due to their over-parameterized black-box nature, it is often difficult to understand the prediction…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-07-18 Xuhong Li , Haoyi Xiong , Xingjian Li , Xuanyu Wu , Xiao Zhang , Ji Liu , Jiang Bian , Dejing Dou

Neural networks have greatly boosted performance in computer vision by learning powerful representations of input data. The drawback of end-to-end training for maximal overall performance are black-box models whose hidden representations…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Patrick Esser , Robin Rombach , Björn Ommer

Surrogate models are essential for efficient exploration of large-scale ensemble simulations. Implicit neural representations (INRs) provide a compact and continuous framework for modeling spatially structured data, but they often struggle…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-01 Ziwei Li , Yuhan Duan , Tianyu Xiong , Yi-Tang Chen , Wei-Lun Chao , Han-Wei Shen

Generative models are capable of producing human-expert level content across a variety of topics and domains. As the impact of generative models grows, it is necessary to develop statistical methods to understand collections of available…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-05-23 Hayden Helm , Aranyak Acharyya , Brandon Duderstadt , Youngser Park , Carey E. Priebe

Deep models have advanced prediction in many domains, but their lack of interpretability remains a key barrier to the adoption in many real world applications. There exists a large body of work aiming to help humans understand these black…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-08-15 Mike Wu , Sonali Parbhoo , Michael C. Hughes , Volker Roth , Finale Doshi-Velez

Recent advances in vision and language (V+L) models have a promising impact in the healthcare field. However, such models struggle to explain how and why a particular decision was made. In addition, model transparency and involvement of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-09-21 Petrus Werner , Anna Zapaishchykova , Ujjwal Ratan

Interpretability benefits the theoretical understanding of representations. Existing word embeddings are generally dense representations. Hence, the meaning of latent dimensions is difficult to interpret. This makes word embeddings like a…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-27 Minxue Xia , Hao Zhu

One of the potential solutions for model interpretation is to train a surrogate model: a more transparent model that approximates the behavior of the model to be explained. Typically, classification rules or decision trees are used due to…

Human-Computer Interaction · Computer Science 2022-01-20 Jun Yuan , Brian Barr , Kyle Overton , Enrico Bertini

Many problems in computer vision have recently been tackled using models whose predictions cannot be easily interpreted, most commonly deep neural networks. Surrogate explainers are a popular post-hoc interpretability method to further…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2022-10-11 Ricardo Kleinlein , Alexander Hepburn , Raúl Santos-Rodríguez , Fernando Fernández-Martínez

Surrogate explainers of black-box machine learning predictions are of paramount importance in the field of eXplainable Artificial Intelligence since they can be applied to any type of data (images, text and tabular), are model-agnostic and…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-10-30 Kacper Sokol , Alexander Hepburn , Raul Santos-Rodriguez , Peter Flach

Black-box deep neural networks excel in text classification, yet their application in high-stakes domains is hindered by their lack of interpretability. To address this, we propose Text Bottleneck Models (TBM), an intrinsically…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-04 Josh Magnus Ludan , Qing Lyu , Yue Yang , Liam Dugan , Mark Yatskar , Chris Callison-Burch

The ability to interpret machine learning models has become increasingly important now that machine learning is used to inform consequential decisions. We propose an approach called model extraction for interpreting complex, blackbox…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-03-14 Osbert Bastani , Carolyn Kim , Hamsa Bastani