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We investigate a long-perceived shortcoming in the typical use of BLEU: its reliance on a single reference. Using modern neural paraphrasing techniques, we study whether automatically generating additional diverse references can provide…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-12 Rachel Bawden , Biao Zhang , Lisa Yankovskaya , Andre Tättar , Matt Post

Retrieval-Augmented Generation allows LLMs to access external knowledge, reducing hallucinations and ageing-data issues. However, it treats retrieved chunks independently and struggles with multi-hop or relational reasoning, especially…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-30 Vanya Arikutharam , Arkadiy Ukolov

We present, to our knowledge, the first application of BERT to document classification. A few characteristics of the task might lead one to think that BERT is not the most appropriate model: syntactic structures matter less for content…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2019-08-23 Ashutosh Adhikari , Achyudh Ram , Raphael Tang , Jimmy Lin

We introduce SciTrek, a diagnostic question-answering benchmark designed to probe long-context numerical reasoning in large language models (LLMs). Existing long-context benchmarks mostly focus on simple information retrieval, rely on…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2026-03-03 Miao Li , Alexander Gurung , Irina Saparina , Mirella Lapata

In recent years, neural models have often outperformed rule-based and classic Machine Learning approaches in NLG. These classic approaches are now often disregarded, for example when new neural models are evaluated. We argue that they…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-03-17 Fahime Same , Guanyi Chen , Kees van Deemter

Producing densely annotated data is a difficult and tedious task for medical imaging applications. To address this problem, we propose a novel approach to generate supervision for semi-supervised semantic segmentation. We argue that…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-10-10 Constantin Seibold , Simon Reiß , Jens Kleesiek , Rainer Stiefelhagen

Generating texts in scientific papers requires not only capturing the content contained within the given input but also frequently acquiring the external information called \textit{context}. We push forward the scientific text generation by…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-10-22 Hong Chen , Hiroya Takamura , Hideki Nakayama

Retrieval-augmented generation (RAG) ranks passages by semantic similarity to the input, implicitly assuming that semantic similarity is a reliable indication of applicability in downstream tasks. This assumption breaks down when task…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2026-05-28 Zhixing Sun , Shenghe Xu , Tao Li

With the global increase in experimental data artifacts, harnessing them in a unified fashion leads to a major stumbling block - bad metadata. To bridge this gap, this work presents a Natural Language Processing (NLP) informed application,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-05-02 Sowmya S. Sundaram , Mark A. Musen

Existing metrics for assessing question generation not only require costly human reference but also fail to take into account the input context of generation, rendering the lack of deep understanding of the relevance between the generated…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-02 Xiaoqiang Wang , Bang Liu , Siliang Tang , Lingfei Wu

Despite significant progress in text generation models, a serious limitation is their tendency to produce text that is factually inconsistent with information in the input. Recent work has studied whether textual entailment systems can be…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-10-23 Tanya Goyal , Greg Durrett

The goal of text generation models is to fit the underlying real probability distribution of text. For performance evaluation, quality and diversity metrics are usually applied. However, it is still not clear to what extend can the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-08-20 Jianing Li , Yanyan Lan , Jiafeng Guo , Xueqi Cheng

Biomedical literature is a rapidly expanding field of science and technology. Classification of biomedical texts is an essential part of biomedicine research, especially in the field of biology. This work proposes the fine-tuned DistilBERT,…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2024-04-23 Ziqing Guo

Neural natural language generation (NLG) models have recently shown remarkable progress in fluency and coherence. However, existing studies on neural NLG are primarily focused on surface-level realizations with limited emphasis on logical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-04-29 Wenhu Chen , Jianshu Chen , Yu Su , Zhiyu Chen , William Yang Wang

A citation is a well-established mechanism for connecting scientific artifacts. Citation networks are used by citation analysis for a variety of reasons, prominently to give credit to scientists' work. However, because of current citation…

Information Retrieval · Computer Science 2020-01-17 Tong Zeng , Longfeng Wu , Sarah Bratt , Daniel E. Acuna

While the whole world is still struggling with the COVID-19 pandemic, online learning and home office become more common. Many schools transfer their courses teaching to the online classroom. Therefore, it is significant to mine the…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-08-30 Ru Yang , Maryam Edalati

A good automatic evaluation metric for language generation ideally correlates highly with human judgements of text quality. Yet, there is a dearth of such metrics, which inhibits the rapid and efficient progress of language generators. One…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-06-30 Tiago Pimentel , Clara Meister , Ryan Cotterell

Recent text-to-image generation models have acquired the ability of multi-reference generation and editing; that is, to inherit the appearance of subjects from multiple reference images and re-render them in new contexts. However, existing…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2026-03-27 Yuta Oshima , Daiki Miyake , Kohsei Matsutani , Yusuke Iwasawa , Masahiro Suzuki , Yutaka Matsuo , Hiroki Furuta

Social media platforms like Twitter have increasingly relied on Natural Language Processing NLP techniques to analyze and understand the sentiments expressed in the user generated content. One such state of the art NLP model is…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-04-03 Akil Raj Subedi , Taniya Shah , Aswani Kumar Cherukuri , Thanos Vasilakos

Although neural-based machine translation evaluation metrics, such as COMET or BLEURT, have achieved strong correlations with human judgements, they are sometimes unreliable in detecting certain phenomena that can be considered as critical…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2023-05-31 Taisiya Glushkova , Chrysoula Zerva , André F. T. Martins