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We propose the Robustness Temporal Logic (RobTL), a novel temporal logic for the specification and analysis of distances between the behaviours of Cyber-Physical Systems (CPSs) over a finite time horizon. Differently from classical temporal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2022-12-22 Valentina Castiglioni , Michele Loreti , Simone Tini

We propose LeanLTL, a unifying framework for linear temporal logics in Lean 4. LeanLTL supports reasoning about traces that represent either infinite or finite linear time. The library allows traditional LTL syntax to be combined with…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-07-03 Eric Vin , Kyle A. Miller , Daniel J. Fremont

The R programming language is widely used in large-scale data analyses. It contains especially rich built-in support for dealing with vectors, arrays, and matrices. These operations feature prominently in the applications that form R's…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-04-11 John Wrenn , Anjali Pal , Alexa VanHattum , Shriram Krishnamurthi

We consider here Linear Temporal Logic (LTL) formulas interpreted over \emph{finite} traces. We denote this logic by LTLf. The existing approach for LTLf satisfiability checking is based on a reduction to standard LTL satisfiability…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2014-03-10 Jianwen Li , Lijun Zhang , Geguang Pu , Moshe Y. Vardi , Jifeng He

Hyperproperties relate multiple executions of a program and are commonly used to specify security and information-flow policies. Most existing work has focused on the verification of $k$-safety properties, i.e., properties that state that…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2024-03-07 Raven Beutner

We studied the hyperlogic HyperQPTL, which combines the concepts of trace relations and $\omega$-regularity. We showed that HyperQPTL is very expressive, it can express properties like promptness, bounded waiting for a grant, epistemic…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-01-19 Bernd Finkbeiner , Christopher Hahn , Jana Hofmann , Leander Tentrup

Autonomous systems are often used in changeable and unknown environments, where traditional verification may not be suitable. Runtime Verification (RV) checks events performed by a system against a formal specification of its intended…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-06-18 Matt Luckcuck , Angelo Ferrando , Fatma Faruq

Understanding the behavior of software in execution is a key step in identifying and fixing performance issues. This is especially important in high performance computing contexts where even minor performance tweaks can translate into large…

We address the problem of measuring inconsistency in declarative process specifications, with an emphasis on linear temporal logic on fixed traces (LTLff). As we will show, existing inconsistency measures for classical logic cannot provide…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2022-06-16 Carl Corea , John Grant , Matthias Thimm

Mechanized verification of liveness properties for infinite programs with effects and nondeterminism is challenging. Existing temporal reasoning frameworks operate at the level of models such as traces and automata. Reasoning happens at a…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2025-08-22 Eleftherios Ioannidis , Yannick Zakowski , Steve Zdancewic , Sebastian Angel

TLA+ is a formal language for specifying systems, including distributed algorithms, that is supported by powerful verification tools. In this work we present a framework for relating traces of distributed programs to high-level…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Horatiu Cirstea , Markus A. Kuppe , Benjamin Loillier , Stephan Merz

This paper proposes a technique to specify and verify whether a loop can be parallelised. Our approach can be used as an additional step in a parallelising compiler to verify user annotations about loop dependences. Essentially, our…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2014-06-16 Stefan Blom , Saeed Darabi , Marieke Huisman

A wide range of interesting program properties are intrinsically relational, i.e., they relate two or more program traces. Two prominent relational properties are secure information flow and conditional program equivalence. By showing the…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-10-22 Alexander Weigl , Mattias Ulbrich , Suhyun Cha , Bernhard Beckert , Birgit Vogel-Heuser

Model checking is a powerful method widely explored in formal verification. Given a model of a system, e.g., a Kripke structure, and a formula specifying its expected behaviour, one can verify whether the system meets the behaviour by…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2019-02-07 A. Molinari , A. Montanari , A. Murano , G. Perelli , A. Peron

To realize a market entry of autonomous vehicles in the foreseeable future, the behavior planning system will need to abide by the same rules that humans follow. Product liability cannot be enforced without a proper solution to the approval…

Robotics · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Klemens Esterle , Vincent Aravantinos , Alois Knoll

In operating system development, concurrency poses significant challenges. It is difficult for humans to manually review concurrent behaviors or to write test cases covering all possible executions, often resulting in critical bugs.…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2025-03-13 Akira Hasegawa , Ryuta Kambe , Toshiaki Aoki , Yuuki Takano

Runtime Verification (RV) refers to a family of techniques in which system executions are observed and confronted to formal specifications, with the aim of identifying faults. In Offline RV, observation is done in a first step and…

Formal Languages and Automata Theory · Computer Science 2024-03-06 Erwan Mahe , Boutheina Bannour , Christophe Gaston , Pascale Le Gall

Reactive software calls for instrumentation methods that uphold the reactive attributes of systems. Runtime verification imposes another demand on the instrumentation, namely that the trace event sequences it reports to monitors are sound…

Software Engineering · Computer Science 2024-07-16 Luca Aceto , Duncan Paul Attard , Adrian Francalanza , Anna Ingólfsdóttir

Bounded model checking (BMC) is an effective technique for hunting bugs by incrementally exploring the state space of a system. To reason about infinite traces through a finite structure and to ultimately obtain completeness, BMC…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2023-01-31 Tzu-Han Hsu , César Sánchez , Sarai Sheinvald , Borzoo Bonakdarpour

Writing formal specifications for distributed systems is difficult. Even simple consistency requirements often turn out to be unrealizable because of the complicated information flow in the distributed system: not all information is…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Bernd Finkbeiner , Leander Tentrup