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We propose a formalization of the three-tier causal hierarchy of association, intervention, and counterfactuals as a series of probabilistic logical languages. Our languages are of strictly increasing expressivity, the first capable of…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-06-03 Duligur Ibeling , Thomas Icard

In a recent paper [1] we introduced the Fuzzy Bayesian Learning (FBL) paradigm where expert opinions can be encoded in the form of fuzzy rule bases and the hyper-parameters of the fuzzy sets can be learned from data using a Bayesian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2017-04-07 Indranil Pan , Dirk Bester

Expectation is a central notion in probability theory. The notion of expectation also makes sense for other notions of uncertainty. We introduce a propositional logic for reasoning about expectation, where the semantics depends on the…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2007-05-23 Joseph Y. Halpern , Riccardo Pucella

Recently, Baltag and van Benthem introduced a decidable logic of functional dependence (LFD) that extends the logic of Cylindrical Relativized Set Algebras (CRS) with atomic local dependence statements. Its semantics can be given in terms…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2021-09-20 Raoul Koudijs

A new approach for uncertainty management for fuzzy, rule based decision support systems is proposed: The domain expert's knowledge is expressed by a set of rules that frequently refer to vague and uncertain propositions. The certainty of…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-04-10 Christoph F. Eick

Modal interpretations have the ambition to construe quantum mechanics as an objective, man-independent description of physical reality. Their second leading idea is probabilism: quantum mechanics does not completely fix physical reality but…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2007-05-23 Dennis Dieks

The problem of minimizing fuzzy interpretations in fuzzy description logics (FDLs) is important both theoretically and practically. For instance, fuzzy or weighted social networks can be modeled as fuzzy interpretations, where individuals…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2026-02-05 Linh Anh Nguyen

We present Lilac, a separation logic for reasoning about probabilistic programs where separating conjunction captures probabilistic independence. Inspired by an analogy with mutable state where sampling corresponds to dynamic allocation, we…

Programming Languages · Computer Science 2023-05-29 John M. Li , Amal Ahmed , Steven Holtzen

We present a mechanism for constructing graphical models, specifically Bayesian networks, from a knowledge base of general probabilistic information. The unique feature of our approach is that it uses a powerful first-order probabilistic…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2013-03-08 Fahiem Bacchus

The aim of this paper is to extend probability theory from the classical to the product t-norm fuzzy logic setting. More precisely, we axiomatize a generalized notion of finitely additive probability for product logic formulas, called…

Logic · Mathematics 2018-03-09 Tommaso Flaminio , Lluis Godo , Sara Ugolini

Several notions of bisimulation relations for probabilistic non-deterministic transition systems have been considered in the literature. We consider a novel testing-based behavioral equivalence called upper-expectation bisimilarity and…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2013-10-03 Matteo Mio

We present a natural standard translation of inquisitive modal logic InqML into first-order logic over the natural two-sorted relational representations of the intended models, which captures the built-in higher-order features of InqML.…

Logic · Mathematics 2021-04-15 Silke Meißner , Martin Otto

We develop a pseudo-metric analogue of bisimulation for generalized semi-Markov processes. The kernel of this pseudo-metric corresponds to bisimulation; thus we have extended bisimulation for continuous-time probabilistic processes to a…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2017-01-11 Vineet Gupta , Radha Jagadeesan , Prakash Panangaden

Communicating forecast uncertainty effectively is a persistent challenge in predictive endeavours such as weather forecasting. This paper explores the application of possibility theory as a complementary approach to traditional probability…

Applications · Statistics 2024-10-30 John R. Lawson

The aim of illocutionary logic is to explain how context can affect the meaning of certain special kinds of performative utterances. Recall that performative utterances are understood as follows: a speaker performs the illocutionary act…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-02-24 Andrew Schumann

Fuzzy description logics serve the representation of vague knowledge, typically letting concepts take truth degrees in the unit interval. Expressiveness, logical properties, and complexity vary strongly with the choice of propositional…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2025-10-14 Stefan Gebhart , Lutz Schröder , Paul Wild

Fuzzy data, prevalent in social sciences and other fields, capture uncertainties arising from subjective evaluations and measurement imprecision. Despite significant advancements in fuzzy statistics, a unified inferential regression-based…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-06-05 Antonio Calcagnì , Przemysław Grzegorzewski , Maciej Romaniuk

We consider the problem of answering queries about formulas of first-order logic based on background knowledge partially represented explicitly as other formulas, and partially represented as examples independently drawn from a fixed…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2019-06-25 Vaishak Belle , Brendan Juba

Covariant-contravariant simulation is a combination of standard (covariant) simulation, its contravariant counterpart and bisimulation. We have previously studied its logical characterization by means of the covariant-contravariant modal…

Logic in Computer Science · Computer Science 2011-08-24 Luca Aceto , Ignacio Fábregas , David de Frutos-Escrig , Anna Ingólfsdóttir , Miguel Palomino

This article is the first part of series of articles that aim to present the foundations for fuzzy variational calculus for functions taking values in the space of linearly correlated fuzzy numbers $\mathbb{R}_{\mathcal{F}(A)}$. Recall that…

General Mathematics · Mathematics 2025-06-05 Gastão S. F. Frederico , Estevão Esmi , Laécio C. Barros