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The transition to 6G is expected to bring significant advancements, including much higher data rates, enhanced reliability and ultra-low latency compared to previous generations. Although 6G is anticipated to be 100 times more energy…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-03-12 Hamed Ahmadi , Mostafa Rahmani , Swarna Bindu Chetty , Eirini Eleni Tsiropoulou , Huseyin Arslan , Merouane Debbah , Tony Quek

The 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) evolution of mobile communication technologies from 5G to 6G has been a transformative journey spanning a decade, shaped by six releases from Release 15 to Release 20. This article provides a…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Xingqin Lin

While 5G delivers high quality services mostly in a two dimensional terrestrial area covering our planet's surface, with 6G we aim at a full exploitation of three dimensions. In this way, 6G includes all kinds of non-terrestrial networks.…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-06-24 Arled Papa , Jörg von Mankowski , Hansini Vijayaraghavan , Babak Mafakheri , Leonardo Goratti , Wolfgang Kellerer

As 6G research advances, the growing demand leads to the emergence of novel technologies such as integrated sensing and communication (ISAC), new antenna arrays like extremely large MIMO (XL-MIMO) and reconfigurable intelligent surfaces…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-16 Huiwen Gong , Jianhua Zhang , Yuxiang Zhang , Guangyi Liu

6th Generation (6G) mobile networks are envisioned to support several new capabilities and data-centric applications for unprecedented number of users, potentially raising significant energy efficiency and sustainability concerns. This…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-09-16 Rashmi Kamran , Mahesh Ganesh Bhat , Pranav Jha , Shana Moothedath , Manjesh Hanawal , Prasanna Chaporkar

6G networks will be required to support higher data rates, improved energy efficiency, lower latency, and more diverse users compared with 5G systems. To meet these requirements, electrically extremely large-scale antenna arrays are…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2022-12-13 Haiyang Zhang , Nir Shlezinger , Francesco Guidi , Davide Dardari , Yonina C. Eldar

Fifth generation (5G) aims to connect massive devices with even higher reliability, lower latency and even faster transmission speed, which are vital for implementing the e-health systems. However, the current efforts on 5G e-health systems…

Social and Information Networks · Computer Science 2021-07-13 Di Zhang , Joel J. P. C. Rodrigues , Yunkai Zhai , Takuro Sato

The transition towards the sixth-generation (6G) wireless telecommunications networks introduces significant challenges for researchers and industry stakeholders. The 6G technology aims to enhance existing usage scenarios through supporting…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2025-01-16 Afsoon Alidadi Shamsabadi , Animesh Yadav , Yasser Gadallah , Halim Yanikomeroglu

The unprecedented increase in wireless data traffic, predicted to occur within the next decade, is motivating academia and industries to look beyond contemporary wireless standards and conceptualize the sixth-generation (6G) wireless…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-10-28 Akram Shafie , Nan Yang , Chong Han , Josep Miquel Jornet , Markku Juntti , Thomas Kurner

5G is the fifth generation wireless network, with a set of characteristics, e.g., high bandwidth and data rates. The scenarios of using 5G include enhanced Mobile Broadband (eMBB), massive Machine Type Communications (mMTC), and…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-02-16 Chen Yang , Peng Liang , Liming Fu , Guorui Cui , Fei Huang , Feng Teng , Yawar Abbas Bangash

By all measures, wireless networking has seen explosive growth over the past decade. Fourth Generation Long Term Evolution (4G LTE) cellular technology has increased the bandwidth available for smartphones, in essence, delivering broadband…

Computers and Society · Computer Science 2021-01-06 Elisa Bertino , Daniel Bliss , Daniel Lopresti , Larry Peterson , Henning Schulzrinne

In recent years, significant attention has been directed toward the fifth generation of wireless broadband connectivity known as `5G`, currently being deployed by Mobile Network Operators. Surprisingly, there has been considerably less…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2021-01-20 Edward J Oughton , William Lehr , Konstantinos Katsaros , Ioannis Selinis , Dean Bubley , Julius Kusuma

The upcoming Beyond 5G (B5G) and 6G networks are expected to provide enhanced capabilities such as ultra-high data rates, dense connectivity, and high scalability. It opens many possibilities for a new generation of services driven by…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-15 Chamara Sandeepa , Bartlomiej Siniarski , Nicolas Kourtellis , Shen Wang , Madhusanka Liyanage

The research on the sixth-generation (6G) wireless communications for the development of future mobile communication networks has been officially launched around the world. 6G networks face multifarious challenges, such as…

Information Theory · Computer Science 2023-09-08 Yiping Zuo , Jiajia Guo , Ning Gao , Yongxu Zhu , Shi Jin , Xiao Li

Next-generation mobile communication network (i.e., 6G) has been envisioned to go beyond classical communication functionality and provide integrated sensing and communication (ISAC) capability to enable more emerging applications, such as…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2022-04-08 Daqing Zhang , Dan Wu , Kai Niu , Xuanzhi Wang , Fusang Zhang , Jian Yao , Dajie Jiang , Fei Qin

Electromagnetic (EM) communication is nearing its physical and thermodynamic limits, where further performance gains through spectrum optimization alone have become increasingly unsustainable. Finite bandwidth, propagation loss at higher…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-10-14 Shumaila Javaid , Nasir Saeed

As the 5G communication networks are being widely deployed worldwide, both industry and academia have started to move beyond 5G and explore 6G communications. It is generally believed that 6G will be established on ubiquitous Artificial…

Networking and Internet Architecture · Computer Science 2020-10-05 Yi Liu , Xingliang Yuan , Zehui Xiong , Jiawen Kang , Xiaofei Wang , Dusit Niyato

We are on the verge of a new age of linked autonomous cars with unheard-of user experiences, dramatically improved air quality and road safety, extremely varied transportation settings, and a plethora of cutting-edge apps. A substantially…

Signal Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-11-29 Donglin Wang , Yann Nana Nganso , Hans D. Schotten

It is expected that the creation of next-generation wireless networks would result in the availability of high-speed and low-latency connectivity for every part of our life. As a result, it is important that the network is secure. The…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2022-12-08 Ishika Sahni , Araftoz Kaur

This paper envisions 6G as a self-evolving telecom ecosystem, where AI-driven intelligence enables dynamic adaptation beyond static connectivity. We explore the key enablers of autonomous communication systems, spanning reconfigurable…

Systems and Control · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-05-30 Zeinab Nezami , Syed Danial Ali Shah , Maryam Hafeez , Karim Djemame , Syed Ali Raza Zaidi