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The degrees of polynomials representing or approximating Boolean functions are a prominent tool in various branches of complexity theory. Sherstov recently characterized the minimal degree deg_{\eps}(f) among all polynomials (over the…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2008-02-15 Ronald de Wolf

The approximate degree of a Boolean function $f \colon \{-1, 1\}^n \rightarrow \{-1, 1\}$ is the least degree of a real polynomial that approximates $f$ pointwise to error at most $1/3$. We introduce a generic method for increasing the…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2017-03-20 Mark Bun , Justin Thaler

The approximate degree of a Boolean function $f: \{-1, 1\}^n \to \{-1, 1\}$ is the minimum degree of a real polynomial that approximates $f$ to within error $1/3$ in the $\ell_\infty$ norm. In an influential result, Aaronson and Shi (J. ACM…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2015-03-27 Mark Bun , Justin Thaler

The $\epsilon$-approximate degree of a Boolean function $f: \{-1, 1\}^n \to \{-1, 1\}$ is the minimum degree of a real polynomial that approximates $f$ to within $\epsilon$ in the $\ell_\infty$ norm. We prove several lower bounds on this…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2014-03-25 Mark Bun , Justin Thaler

The approximate degree of a Boolean function $f\colon\{0,1\}^n\to\{0,1\}$ is the minimum degree of a real polynomial $p$ that approximates $f$ pointwise: $|f(x)-p(x)|\leq1/3$ for all $x\in\{0,1\}^n.$ For every $\delta>0,$ we construct CNF…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-09-07 Alexander A. Sherstov

The approximate degree of a Boolean function $f(x_{1},x_{2},\ldots,x_{n})$ is the minimum degree of a real polynomial that approximates $f$ pointwise within $1/3$. Upper bounds on approximate degree have a variety of applications in…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2018-01-16 Alexander A. Sherstov

The approximate degree of a Boolean function f is the least degree of a real polynomial that approximates f pointwise to error at most 1/3. Approximate degree is known to be a lower bound on quantum query complexity. We resolve or nearly…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2019-08-20 Mark Bun , Robin Kothari , Justin Thaler

The approximate non-deterministic degree of a Boolean function $f$, denoted $\mathsf{ndeg}_\epsilon(f)$ (written $\mathsf{N}_\epsilon(f)$ for brevity), is the minimum degree of a real polynomial $p$ such that $0 \le |p(x)| \le \epsilon$…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2026-05-25 Samruddhi Pednekar , Supartha Podder

Nisan and Szegedy (CC 1994) showed that any Boolean function $f:\{0,1\}^n\rightarrow \{0,1\}$ that depends on all its input variables, when represented as a real-valued multivariate polynomial $P(x_1,\ldots,x_n)$, has degree at least $\log…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-07-08 Srikanth Srinivasan , S. Venkitesh

The sensitivity of a Boolean function f is the maximum over all inputs x, of the number of sensitive coordinates of x. The well-known sensitivity conjecture of Nisan (see also Nisan and Szegedy) states that every sensitivity-s Boolean…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2016-04-27 Parikshit Gopalan , Rocco Servedio , Avishay Tal , Avi Wigderson

We study the probabilistic degree over reals of the OR function on $n$ variables. For an error parameter $\epsilon$ in (0,1/3), the $\epsilon$-error probabilistic degree of any Boolean function $f$ over reals is the smallest non-negative…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-11-24 Siddharth Bhandari , Prahladh Harsha , Tulasimohan Molli , Srikanth Srinivasan

We study a natural complexity measure of Boolean functions known as the rational degree. Denoted $\textrm{rdeg}(f)$, it is the minimal degree of a rational function that is equal to $f$ on the Boolean hypercube. For total functions $f$, it…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2025-04-16 Vishnu Iyer , Siddhartha Jain , Robin Kothari , Matt Kovacs-Deak , Vinayak M. Kumar , Luke Schaeffer , Daochen Wang , Michael Whitmeyer

The probabilistic degree of a Boolean function $f:\{0,1\}^n\rightarrow \{0,1\}$ is defined to be the smallest $d$ such that there is a random polynomial $\mathbf{P}$ of degree at most $d$ that agrees with $f$ at each point with high…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2019-10-08 Srikanth Srinivasan , Utkarsh Tripathi , S. Venkitesh

The algebraic degree is an important parameter of Boolean functions used in cryptography. When a function in a large number of variables is not given explicitly in algebraic normal form, it might not be feasible to compute its degree.…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-06-22 Ana Salagean , Percy Reyes-Paredes

The approximate degree of a Boolean function is the least degree of a real multilinear polynomial approximating it in the $\ell_\infty$-norm over the Boolean hypercube. We show that the approximate degree of the Bipartite Perfect Matching…

Discrete Mathematics · Computer Science 2022-03-03 Gal Beniamini

In this paper we study the separation between two complexity measures: the degree of a Boolean function as a polynomial over the reals and its block sensitivity. We show that separation between these two measures can be improved from $…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2021-06-22 Nikolay V. Proskurin

For any real numbers $B \ge 1$ and $\delta \in (0, 1)$ and function $f: [0, B] \rightarrow \mathbb{R}$, let $d_{B; \delta} (f) \in \mathbb{Z}_{> 0}$ denote the minimum degree of a polynomial $p(x)$ satisfying $\sup_{x \in [0, B]} \big| p(x)…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2022-05-13 Amol Aggarwal , Josh Alman

Based on the recent breakthrough of Huang (2019), we show that for any total Boolean function $f$, $\bullet \quad \mathrm{deg}(f) = O(\widetilde{\mathrm{deg}}(f)^2)$: The degree of $f$ is at most quadratic in the approximate degree of $f$.…

Quantum Physics · Physics 2020-10-27 Scott Aaronson , Shalev Ben-David , Robin Kothari , Shravas Rao , Avishay Tal

We study the problem of testing whether a function $f: \mathbb{R}^n \to \mathbb{R}$ is a polynomial of degree at most $d$ in the \emph{distribution-free} testing model. Here, the distance between functions is measured with respect to an…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2022-04-19 Vipul Arora , Arnab Bhattacharyya , Noah Fleming , Esty Kelman , Yuichi Yoshida

The approximate degree of a Boolean function is the minimum degree of real polynomial that approximates it pointwise. For any Boolean function, its approximate degree serves as a lower bound on its quantum query complexity, and generically…

Computational Complexity · Computer Science 2023-05-23 Mark Bun , Nadezhda Voronova
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