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We introduce two novel evolutionary formulations of the problem of coloring the nodes of a graph. The first formulation is based on the relationship that exists between a graph's chromatic number and its acyclic orientations. It views such…

Neural and Evolutionary Computing · Computer Science 2007-05-23 V. C. Barbosa , C. A. G. Assis , J. O. do Nascimento

In 1968 and 1969, Andrews proved two partition theorems of the Rogers-Ramanujan type which generalise Schur's celebrated partition identity (1926). Andrews' two generalisations of Schur's theorem went on to become two of the most…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2015-01-30 Jehanne Dousse

This article provides a proof of a generalization of Schur's theorem on the partition regularity of the equation x+y=z, which involves a divisibility condition. This generalization will be utilized to prove the existence of 'small'…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2013-10-01 Carsten Dietzel

We present a bijective proof for the planar case of Louf's counting formula on bipartite planar maps with prescribed face degree, that arises from the Toda hierarchy. We actually show that his formula hides two simpler formulas, both of…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-02-12 Juliette Schabanel

The investigation of colour symmetries for periodic and aperiodic systems consists of two steps. The first concerns the computation of the possible numbers of colours and is mainly combinatorial in nature. The second is algebraic and…

Disordered Systems and Neural Networks · Physics 2007-05-23 Michael Baake , Uwe Grimm , Max Scheffer

Double parton distributions satisfy the same evolution equations as ordinary single-parton densities, provided that the colours of the two partons are uncorrelated. The situation is different for colour correlated parton pairs, where…

High Energy Physics - Phenomenology · Physics 2024-02-22 Markus Diehl , Florian Fabry , Peter Ploessl

In this paper, we extend the notion of labeled partitions with ordinary permutations to colored permutations in the sense that the colors are endowed with a cyclic structure. We use labeled partitions with colored permutations to derive the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2008-10-21 William Y. C. Chen , Henry Y. Gao , Jia He

We prove combinatorially some identities related to Euler's partition identity (the number of partitions of $n$ into distinct parts equals the number of partitions of $n$ into odd parts). They were conjectured by Beck and proved by Andrews…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-07-02 Cristina Ballantine , Richard Bielak

Recently a duality between color and kinematics has been proposed, exposing a new unexpected structure in gauge theory and gravity scattering amplitudes. Here we propose that the relation goes deeper, allowing us to reorganize amplitudes…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2013-05-29 Zvi Bern , Tristan Dennen

We give "hybrid" proofs of the $q$-binomial theorem and other identities. The proofs are "hybrid" in the sense that we use partition arguments to prove a restricted version of the theorem, and then use analytic methods (in the form of the…

Number Theory · Mathematics 2019-01-17 Dennis Eichhorn , James Mc Laughlin , Andrew V. Sills

This is a survey and research note on the modified Orlik conjecture derived from the division theorem introduced in [2]. The division theorem is a generalization of classical addition-deletion theorems for free arrangements. The division…

Commutative Algebra · Mathematics 2016-03-15 Takuro Abe

We show that any $d$-colored set of points in general position in $\mathbb{R}^d$ can be partitioned into $n$ subsets with disjoint convex hulls such that the set of points and all color classes are partitioned as evenly as possible. This…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-04-04 Pavle V. M. Blagojević , Günter Rote , Johanna K. Steinmeyer , Günter M. Ziegler

We give a pen and paper and (comparatively) much simpler proof to verify of the Four Colour Theorem.

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-01-24 Carl Feghali

Recently Andrews and Bachraoui proved identities relating certain restricted partitions into distinct even parts with restricted 4-regular partitions by the theory of basic hypergeometric series. They also posed a question regarding…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-09-01 Dandan Chen , Ziyin Zou

The purpose of this note is to draw attention to problems related to a concept called majority colouring recently studied by Kreutzer, Oum, Seymour, van der Zypen and Wood. They raised a problem of determining, for a natural number $k$, the…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2018-03-26 António Girão , Teeradej Kittipassorn , Kamil Popielarz

This is the second in a sequence of three papers in which we prove the following generalization of Thomassen's 5-choosability theorem: Let $G$ be a graph embedded on a surface of genus $g$. Then $G$ can be $L$-colored, where $L$ is a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-03-22 Joshua Nevin

We consider colored compositions where only some parts are allowed different colors, depending on their locations in the composition. The counting sequences are obtained through generating functions. Connections to many other combinatorial…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2025-11-12 Andrew Li , Hua Wang

We investigate a number of coloring problems restricted to bipartite graphs with bounded diameter. First, we investigate the $k$-List Coloring, List $k$-Coloring, and $k$-Precoloring Extension problems on bipartite graphs with diameter at…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2021-04-30 Victor A. Campos , Guilherme C. M. Gomes , Allen Ibiapina , Raul Lopes , Ignasi Sau , Ana Silva

An approach of using RGB-tilings for proving the Four Color Theorem discussed in three previous work is expanded in this paper. A novel methodology and revisions for the methodology in the three aforementioned papers are discussed, and a…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2024-01-24 Shu-Chung Liu

Within the framework of unitary easy quantum groups, we study an analogue of Brauer's Schur-Weyl approach to the representation theory of the orthogonal group. We consider concrete combinatorial categories whose morphisms are formed by…

Combinatorics · Mathematics 2019-01-11 Alexander Mang , Moritz Weber