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All massive galaxies likely have supermassive black holes at their centers, and the masses of the black holes are known to correlate with properties of the host galaxy bulge component. Several explanations have been proposed for the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2012-11-29 Remco C. E. van den Bosch , Karl Gebhardt , Kayhan Gültekin , Glenn van de Ven , Arjen van der Wel , Jonelle L. Walsh

The masses of supermassive black holes are known to correlate with the properties of the bulge components of their host galaxies. In contrast, they appear not to correlate with galaxy disks. Disk-grown pseudobulges are intermediate in…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2015-05-27 John Kormendy , R. Bender , M. E. Cornell

While large numbers of supermassive black holes have been detected at z>6, their origin is still essentially unclear. Numerical simulations have shown that the conditions for the classical direct collapse scenario are very restrictive and…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-04-13 D. R. G. Schleicher , B. Reinoso , M. Latif , R. S. Klessen , M. Z. C. Vergara , A. Das , P. Alister , V. B. Díaz , P. A. Solar

Stellar-mass black holes ($3$ $M_\odot \lesssim M_{\rm BH} \lesssim 150$ $M_\odot$) are the natural product of the evolution of heavy stars ($M_{\rm star} \gtrsim 20$ $M_\odot$). In our Galaxy, we expect $10^8$-$10^9$ stellar-mass black…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2025-08-27 Cosimo Bambi

The correlations between the mass of supermassive black holes and properties of their host galaxies are investigated through cosmological simulations. Black holes grow from seeds of 100 solar masses inserted into density peaks present in…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2014-11-20 Ch. Filloux , F. Durier , J. A. de Freitas Pacheco , J. Silk

Observations have shown that supermassive black holes in nearby elliptical galaxies correlate tightly with the stellar velocity dispersion (the $\MBH - \sigma$ relation) and the stellar mass (the $\MBH - \Mhost$ relation) of their host…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2014-10-31 Sydney Sherman , Mouyuan Sun , Qirong Zhu , Jonathan R. Trump , Yuexing Li

We highlight the correlation between a galaxy's supermassive black hole mass and the Sersic-index of the host spheroid or bulge component. From our bulge-disk decompositions of 10 095 galaxies, drawn from the Millennium Galaxy Catalogue, we…

Astrophysics · Physics 2016-08-30 Simon P. Driver , Alister W. Graham , Paul D. Allen , Jochen Liske

Using results from structural analysis of a sample of nearly 1000 local galaxies from the Sloan Digital Sky Survey, we estimate how the mass in central black holes is distributed amongst elliptical galaxies, classical bulges and…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 Dimitri A. Gadotti , Guinevere Kauffmann

This article documents our ongoing search for the elusive "intermediate-mass" black holes. These would bridge the gap between the approximately ten solar mass "stellar-mass" black holes that are the end-product of the life of a massive…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-12 Jenny E. Greene

We investigate the correlation between the supermassive black holes (SMBHs) mass ($M_{\rm bh}$) and the stellar velocity dispersion ($\sigma_*$) in two types of host galaxies: the early-type bulges (disk galaxies with classical bulges or…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Jian Hu

I begin by summarizing the evidence that there is a close relationship between the evolution of galaxies and supermassive black holes. They evidently share a common fuel source, and feedback from the black hole may be needed to suppress…

Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-13 T. M. Heckman

Supermassive black hole (SMBH) growth plausibly occurs via runaway astrophysical black hole mergers in nuclear star clusters that form intermediate mass black hole seeds at high redshifts. Such a model yields an order-of-magnitude higher…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2026-03-18 Konstantinos Kritos , Joseph Silk

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are thought to originate from early Universe seed black holes of mass $M_\mathrm{BH} \sim 10^2$-10$^5$ M$_{\odot}$ and grown through cosmic time. Such seeds could be powering the active galactic nuclei (AGN)…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2024-09-02 M. Mezcua , M. Siudek , H. Suh , Valiante , D. Spinoso , S. Bonoli

We study the observational constraints on the cosmic evolution of the relationships between the massive black hole (MBH) mass (M_bh) and the stellar mass (M^*_sph; or velocity dispersion \sigma) of the host galaxy/spheroid. Assuming that…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-06-11 Xiaoxia Zhang , Youjun Lu , Qingjuan Yu

Growing evidence indicate supermassive black holes (SMBHs) in a mass range of $M_{\rm BH}$$\sim 106-10^{10}M_{\odot}$ lurking in central stellar bulges of galaxies.Extensive observations reveal fairly tight power laws of $M_{\rm BH}$ versus…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Yu-Qing Lou , Yan-Fei Jiang

Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) and their host galaxies are generally thought to coevolve, so that the SMBH achieves up to about 0.2 to 0.5% of the host galaxy mass in the present day. The radiation emitted from the growing SMBH is…

At low redshift, there are fundamental correlations between the mass of supermassive black holes (MBH) and the mass (Mbulge) and luminosity of the host galaxy bulge. We investigate the same relation at z>=1. Using virial mass estimates for…

Astrophysics · Physics 2009-11-13 Chien Y. Peng , Chris D. Impey , Luis C. Ho , Elizabeth J. Barton , Hans-Walter Rix

Supermassive black holes are a key ingredient of galaxy evolution. However, their origin is still highly debated. In one of the leading formation scenarios, a black hole of $\sim100$ M$_{\odot}$ results from the collapse of the inner core…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2016-10-12 Davide Fiacconi , Elena M. Rossi

Total energy arguments (e.g., Fabian et al. 2002) suggest that black holes need to have masses significantly in excess of the prediction from the classic black hole mass - velocity dispersion relation (M-sigma) in order to offset the…

Cosmology and Nongalactic Astrophysics · Physics 2015-05-14 M. Ruszkowski

Despite traditional thinking, an appreciable population of massive black holes may be lurking in dwarf galaxies. Prior to the last decade, nearly all massive black holes were found in the nuclei of giant galaxies and the existence of…

Astrophysics of Galaxies · Physics 2022-01-27 Amy E. Reines