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This article provides recommendations for implementing quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) for clinical brain research. It is a consensus of the ISMRM Electro-Magnetic Tissue Properties Study Group. While QSM technical development…

Recently, deep learning methods have been proposed for quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) data processing: background field removal, field-to-source inversion, and single-step QSM reconstruction. However, the conventional padding…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-30 Juan Liu

Purpose: Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) reconstruction is a challenging inverse problem driven by poor conditioning of the field to susceptibility transformation. State-of-art QSM reconstruction methods either suffer from image…

Medical Physics · Physics 2019-03-14 Juan Liu , Andrew S. Nencka , L. Tugan Muftuler , Brad Swearingen , Robin Karr , Kevin M. Koch

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) dipole inversion is an ill-posed inverse problem for quantifying magnetic susceptibility distributions from MRI tissue phases. While supervised deep learning methods have shown success in specific…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-22 Zhuang Xiong , Wei Jiang , Yang Gao , Feng Liu , Hongfu Sun

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has demonstrated great potential in quantifying tissue susceptibility in various brain diseases. However, the intrinsic ill-posed inverse problem relating the tissue phase to the underlying…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-05-21 Ruimin Feng , Jiayi Zhao , He Wang , Baofeng Yang , Jie Feng , Yuting Shi , Ming Zhang , Chunlei Liu , Yuyao Zhang , Jie Zhuang , Hongjiang Wei

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) has been increasingly applied in longitudinal studies of neurodegenerative diseases and aging to assess temporal alterations in brain iron and myelin. The accuracy of such investigations depends on…

Quantitative Methods · Quantitative Biology 2026-05-05 Jiye Kim , Hwihun Jeong , Taechang Kim , Eunseon Jeong , Jinhee Jang , Yangsean Choi , Jongho Lee

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) estimates tissue magnetic susceptibility distributions from Magnetic Resonance (MR) phase measurements by solving an ill-posed dipole inversion problem. Conventional single orientation QSM methods…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2020-08-13 Kuo-Wei Lai , Manisha Aggarwal , Peter van Zijl , Xu Li , Jeremias Sulam

Deep learning based Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) has shown great potential in recent years, obtaining similar results to established non-learning approaches. Many current deep learning approaches are not data consistent,…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2023-08-31 Francesco Cognolato , Kieran O'Brien , Jin Jin , Simon Robinson , Frederik B. Laun , Markus Barth , Steffen Bollmann

Motivation - The test-retest reliability of quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is affected by parameters of the acquisition protocol such as the angulation of acquisition plane with respect to the B0 field direction and spatial…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-11-26 Shuai Huang , Thomas Denney , Deqiang Qiu

In the field of quantitative imaging, the image information at a pixel or voxel in an underlying domain entails crucial information about the imaged matter. This is particularly important in medical imaging applications, such as…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2024-04-12 Guozhi Dong , Moritz Flaschel , Michael Hintermüller , Kostas Papafitsoros , Clemens Sirotenko , Karsten Tabelow

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) provides a valuable tool for quantifying susceptibility distributions in human brains; however, two types of opposing susceptibility sources (i.e., paramagnetic and diamagnetic), may coexist in a…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-06-17 Min Li , Chen Chen , Zhenghao Li , Yin Liu , Shanshan Shan , Peng Wu , Pengfei Rong , Feng Liu , G. Bruce Pike , Alan H. Wilman , Hongfu Sun , Yang Gao

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a post-processing technique for deriving tissue magnetic susceptibility distribution from MRI phase measurements. Deep learning (DL) algorithms hold great potential for solving the ill-posed QSM…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-03-27 Yang Gao , Zhuang Xiong , Shanshan Shan , Yin Liu , Pengfei Rong , Min Li , Alan H Wilman , G. Bruce Pike , Feng Liu , Hongfu Sun

Quantitative phase imaging (QPI) has been widely applied in characterizing cells and tissues. Spatial light interference microscopy (SLIM) is a highly sensitive QPI method, due to its partially coherent illumination and common path…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2024-06-12 Yuheng Jiao , Yuchen R. He , Mikhail E. Kandel , Xiaojun Liu , Wenlong Lu , Gabriel Popescu

Recently, deep neural network-powered quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM), QSMnet, successfully performed ill conditioned dipole inversion in QSM and generated high-quality susceptibility maps. In this paper, the network, which was…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2019-10-15 Woojin Jung , Jaeyeon Yoon , Joon Yul Choi , Jae Myung Kim , Yoonho Nam , Eung Yeop Kim , Jongho Lee

Deep neural networks have demonstrated great potential in solving dipole inversion for Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM). However, the performances of most existing deep learning methods drastically degrade with mismatched sequence…

Medical Physics · Physics 2022-11-28 Zhuang Xiong , Yang Gao , Feng Liu , Hongfu Sun

The starting point in quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) is a theoretical model that is used to map susceptibility distributions from magnetic field measurements. It requires regularisation techniques to avoid artefacts in the…

Mathematical Physics · Physics 2021-09-07 Rob F. Remis , Peter M. van den Berg

Quantitative Susceptibility Mapping (QSM) quantifies tissue magnetic susceptibility from magnetic-resonance phase data and plays a crucial role in brain microstructure imaging, iron-deposition assessment, and neurological-disease research.…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2025-12-11 Xuan Cai , Ruo-Mi Guo , Xiao-Wen Luo , Jing Zhao , Silun Wang , Tao Tan , Yue Liu , Hongbin Han , Mengting Liu

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) offers superior soft tissue contrast and is widely used in biomedicine. However, conventional MRI is not quantitative, which presents a bottleneck in image analysis and digital healthcare. Typically,…

Quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) inevitably suffers from streaking artifacts caused by zeros on the conical surface of the dipole kernel in k-space. This work proposes a novel and accurate QSM reconstruction method based on a…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-10-16 Hyun-Seo Ahn , Sung-Hong Park , Jong Chul Ye

A learning-based posterior distribution estimation method, Probabilistic Dipole Inversion (PDI), is proposed to solve the quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM) inverse problem in MRI with uncertainty estimation. In PDI, a deep…

Image and Video Processing · Electrical Eng. & Systems 2021-03-16 Jinwei Zhang , Hang Zhang , Mert Sabuncu , Pascal Spincemaille , Thanh Nguyen , Yi Wang