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Cross-validation (CV) is widely used for tuning a model with respect to user-selected parameters and for selecting a "best" model. For example, the method of $k$-nearest neighbors requires the user to choose $k$, the number of neighbors,…

Applications · Statistics 2012-03-01 Hui Shen , William J. Welch , Jacqueline M. Hughes-Oliver

Verifying multi-step reasoning in large language models is difficult due to imprecise error localization and high token costs. Existing methods either assess entire reasoning chains, suffering attention dilution, or rely on expensive…

Artificial Intelligence · Computer Science 2025-10-06 Yulong Zhang , Li Wang , Wei Du , Peilin Li , Yuqin Dai Zhiyuan Zhao , Lingyong Fang , Ziniu Liu , Ru Zhang , Huijia Zhu , Gongshen Liu

I develop an algorithm to produce the piecewise quadratic that computes leave-one-out cross-validation for the lasso as a function of its hyperparameter. The algorithm can be used to find exact hyperparameters that optimize leave-one-out…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-04 Ryan Burn

Two key tasks in high-dimensional regularized regression are tuning the regularization strength for accurate predictions and estimating the out-of-sample risk. It is known that the standard approach -- $k$-fold cross-validation -- is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-10-24 Kevin Luo , Yufan Li , Pragya Sur

Emulating the mapping between quantities of interest and their control parameters using surrogate models finds widespread application in engineering design, including in numerical optimization and uncertainty quantification. Gaussian…

Computation · Statistics 2024-07-02 S. Ashwin Renganathan , Kade Carlson

Cross-validation is a statistical tool that can be used to improve large covariance matrix estimation. Although its efficiency is observed in practical applications and a convergence result towards the error of the non linear shrinkage is…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2025-09-18 Lamia Lamrani , Christian Bongiorno , Marc Potters

The paper considers the problem of out-of-sample risk estimation under the high dimensional settings where standard techniques such as $K$-fold cross validation suffer from large biases. Motivated by the low bias of the leave-one-out cross…

Methodology · Statistics 2020-02-12 Kamiar Rahnama Rad , Arian Maleki

Cross-validation is a widely-used technique to estimate prediction error, but its behavior is complex and not fully understood. Ideally, one would like to think that cross-validation estimates the prediction error for the model at hand, fit…

Methodology · Statistics 2024-03-12 Stephen Bates , Trevor Hastie , Robert Tibshirani

Many modern data analyses benefit from explicitly modeling dependence structure in data -- such as measurements across time or space, ordered words in a sentence, or genes in a genome. A gold standard evaluation technique is structured…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-12-02 Soumya Ghosh , William T. Stephenson , Tin D. Nguyen , Sameer K. Deshpande , Tamara Broderick

For a large class of regularized models, leave-one-out cross-validation can be efficiently estimated with an approximate leave-one-out formula (ALO). We consider the problem of adjusting hyperparameters so as to optimize ALO. We derive…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2020-11-23 Ryan Burn

Consider the following class of learning schemes: \begin{equation} \label{eq:main-problem1} \hat{\boldsymbol{\beta}} := \underset{\boldsymbol{\beta} \in \mathcal{C}}{\arg\min} \;\sum_{j=1}^n \ell(\boldsymbol{x}_j^\top\boldsymbol{\beta};…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-10-08 Shuaiwen Wang , Wenda Zhou , Arian Maleki , Haihao Lu , Vahab Mirrokni

How many different binary classification problems a single learning algorithm can solve on a fixed data with exactly zero or at most a given number of cross-validation errors? While the number in the former case is known to be limited by…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-12 Tapio Pahikkala , Parisa Movahedi , Ileana Montoya , Havu Miikonen , Stephan Foldes , Antti Airola , Laszlo Major

Many varieties of cross validation would be statistically appealing for the estimation of smoothing and other penalized regression hyperparameters, were it not for the high cost of evaluating such criteria. Here it is shown how to…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-11-06 Simon N. Wood

Determining the number of factors is essential to factor analysis. In this paper, we propose {an efficient cross validation (CV)} method to determine the number of factors in approximate factor models. The method applies CV twice, first…

Methodology · Statistics 2019-07-04 Xianli Zeng , Yingcun Xia , Linjun Zhang

The adaptive lasso refers to a class of methods that use weighted versions of the $L_1$-norm penalty, with weights derived from an initial estimate of the parameter vector to be estimated. Irrespective of the method chosen to compute this…

Methodology · Statistics 2021-07-16 Ballout Nadim , Etievant Lola , Viallon Vivian

Bayesian cross-validation (CV) is a popular method for predictive model assessment that is simple to implement and broadly applicable. A wide range of CV schemes is available for time series applications, including generic leave-one-out…

Methodology · Statistics 2023-10-12 Alex Cooper , Dan Simpson , Lauren Kennedy , Catherine Forbes , Aki Vehtari

We introduce a novel cross-validation method that we call latinCV and we compare this method to other model selection methods using data generated from a stochastic block model. Comparing latinCV to other cross-validation methods, we show…

Methodology · Statistics 2016-05-11 Beau Dabbs , Brian Junker

Cross-Validation (CV) is the default choice for evaluating the performance of machine learning models. Despite its wide usage, their statistical benefits have remained half-understood, especially in challenging nonparametric regimes. In…

Statistics Theory · Mathematics 2024-08-22 Garud Iyengar , Henry Lam , Tianyu Wang

Cross-validation is a common method for estimating the predictive performance of machine learning models. In a data-scarce regime, where one typically wishes to maximize the number of instances used for training the model, an approach…

Methodology · Statistics 2025-03-25 George I. Austin , Itsik Pe'er , Tal Korem

In this article, we rigorously establish the consistency of generalized cross-validation as a parameter-choice rule for solving inverse problems. We prove that the index chosen by leave-one-out GCV achieves a non-asymptotic, order-optimal…

Numerical Analysis · Mathematics 2025-06-18 Tim Jahn , Mikhail Kirilin