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A widely believed explanation for the remarkable generalization capacities of overparameterized neural networks is that the optimization algorithms used for training induce an implicit bias towards benign solutions. To grasp this…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-19 Maria Matveev , Vit Fojtik , Hung-Hsu Chou , Gitta Kutyniok , Johannes Maly

Gradient descent (GD) is crucial for generalization in machine learning models, as it induces implicit regularization, promoting compact representations. In this work, we examine the role of GD in inducing implicit regularization for tensor…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-10-25 Ziye Ma , Javad Lavaei , Somayeh Sojoudi

When optimizing over-parameterized models, such as deep neural networks, a large set of parameters can achieve zero training error. In such cases, the choice of the optimization algorithm and its respective hyper-parameters introduces…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-12-06 Gauthier Gidel , Francis Bach , Simon Lacoste-Julien

Deep neural networks with remarkably strong generalization performances are usually over-parameterized. Despite explicit regularization strategies are used for practitioners to avoid over-fitting, the impacts are often small. Some…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2018-11-05 Deren Lei , Zichen Sun , Yijun Xiao , William Yang Wang

Matrix factorization models have been extensively studied as a valuable test-bed for understanding the implicit biases of overparameterized models. Although both low nuclear norm and low rank regularization have been studied for these…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-03 Zhiwei Bai , Jiajie Zhao , Yaoyu Zhang

Modern machine learning models are often trained in a setting where the number of parameters exceeds the number of training samples. To understand the implicit bias of gradient descent in such overparameterized models, prior work has…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-10-29 Hannes Matt , Dominik Stöger

It has been an important approach of using matrix completion to perform image restoration. Most previous works on matrix completion focus on the low-rank property by imposing explicit constraints on the recovered matrix, such as the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-06-28 Zhemin Li , Zhi-Qin John Xu , Tao Luo , Hongxia Wang

Recently, there has been significant progress in understanding the convergence and generalization properties of gradient-based methods for training overparameterized learning models. However, many aspects including the role of small random…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-07-04 Mahdi Soltanolkotabi , Dominik Stöger , Changzhi Xie

It is important to understand how dropout, a popular regularization method, aids in achieving a good generalization solution during neural network training. In this work, we present a theoretical derivation of an implicit regularization of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-04-11 Zhongwang Zhang , Zhi-Qin John Xu

Overparameterized models may have many interpolating solutions; implicit regularization refers to the hidden preference of a particular optimization method towards a certain interpolating solution among the many. A by now established line…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-18 Hung-Hsu Chou , Holger Rauhut , Rachel Ward

We show that the gradient descent algorithm provides an implicit regularization effect in the learning of over-parameterized matrix factorization models and one-hidden-layer neural networks with quadratic activations. Concretely, we show…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-02-15 Yuanzhi Li , Tengyu Ma , Hongyang Zhang

We argue that the optimization plays a crucial role in generalization of deep learning models through implicit regularization. We do this by demonstrating that generalization ability is not controlled by network size but rather by some…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-05-10 Behnam Neyshabur , Ryota Tomioka , Ruslan Salakhutdinov , Nathan Srebro

Recent works on over-parameterized neural networks have shown that the stochasticity in optimizers has the implicit regularization effect of minimizing the sharpness of the loss function (in particular, the trace of its Hessian) over the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-06-26 Khashayar Gatmiry , Zhiyuan Li , Ching-Yao Chuang , Sashank Reddi , Tengyu Ma , Stefanie Jegelka

Inspired by the remarkable success of large neural networks, there has been significant interest in understanding the generalization performance of over-parameterized models. Substantial efforts have been invested in characterizing how…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-01-12 Haoyuan Sun , Khashayar Gatmiry , Kwangjun Ahn , Navid Azizan

The phenomenon of implicit regularization has attracted interest in recent years as a fundamental aspect of the remarkable generalizing ability of neural networks. In a nutshell, it entails that gradient descent dynamics in many neural…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-02-28 Hong T. M. Chu , Subhro Ghosh , Chi Thanh Lam , Soumendu Sundar Mukherjee

The notion of implicit bias, or implicit regularization, has been suggested as a means to explain the surprising generalization ability of modern-days overparameterized learning algorithms. This notion refers to the tendency of the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-12-23 Assaf Dauber , Meir Feder , Tomer Koren , Roi Livni

Deep Matrix Factorization (DMF) is an emerging approach to the problem of matrix completion. Recent works have established that gradient descent applied to a DMF model induces an implicit regularization on the rank of the recovered matrix.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-08 Amit Boyarski , Sanketh Vedula , Alex Bronstein

Despite the extreme popularity of deep learning in science and industry, its formal understanding is limited. This thesis puts forth notions of rank as key for developing a theory of deep learning, focusing on the fundamental aspects of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-12-31 Noam Razin

Implicit regularization refers to the tendency of local search algorithms to converge to low-dimensional solutions, even when such structures are not explicitly enforced. Despite its ubiquity, the mechanism underlying this behavior remains…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-10 Jianhao Ma , Geyu Liang , Salar Fattahi

Matrix completion is one of the key problems in signal processing and machine learning. In recent years, deep-learning-based models have achieved state-of-the-art results in matrix completion. Nevertheless, they suffer from two drawbacks:…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-12-05 Duc Minh Nguyen , Evaggelia Tsiligianni , Nikos Deligiannis