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Modern neural networks are highly overparameterized, with capacity to substantially overfit to training data. Nevertheless, these networks often generalize well in practice. It has also been observed that trained networks can often be…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2019-02-26 Wenda Zhou , Victor Veitch , Morgane Austern , Ryan P. Adams , Peter Orbanz

The limit of infinite width allows for substantial simplifications in the analytical study of over-parameterised neural networks. With a suitable random initialisation, an extremely large network exhibits an approximately Gaussian…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-02-14 Eugenio Clerico , George Deligiannidis , Arnaud Doucet

Understanding the generalization behavior of deep neural networks remains a fundamental challenge in modern statistical learning theory. Among existing approaches, PAC-Bayesian norm-based bounds have demonstrated particular promise due to…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-14 Xinping Yi , Gaojie Jin , Xiaowei Huang , Shi Jin

PAC-Bayesian is an analysis framework where the training error can be expressed as the weighted average of the hypotheses in the posterior distribution whilst incorporating the prior knowledge. In addition to being a pure generalization…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-02-07 Wei Huang , Chunrui Liu , Yilan Chen , Tianyu Liu , Richard Yi Da Xu

Application of deep neural networks to medical imaging tasks has in some sense become commonplace. Still, a "thorn in the side" of the deep learning movement is the argument that deep networks are prone to overfitting and are thus unable to…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-07-12 Anthony Sicilia , Xingchen Zhao , Anastasia Sosnovskikh , Seong Jae Hwang

Deep nets generalize well despite having more parameters than the number of training samples. Recent works try to give an explanation using PAC-Bayes and Margin-based analyses, but do not as yet result in sample complexity bounds better…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-11-28 Sanjeev Arora , Rong Ge , Behnam Neyshabur , Yi Zhang

PAC-Bayesian bounds are known to be tight and informative when studying the generalization ability of randomized classifiers. However, they require a loose and costly derandomization step when applied to some families of deterministic…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2023-09-19 Paul Viallard , Pascal Germain , Amaury Habrard , Emilie Morvant

We establish disintegrated PAC-Bayesian generalisation bounds for models trained with gradient descent methods or continuous gradient flows. Contrary to standard practice in the PAC-Bayesian setting, our result applies to optimisation…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-02-12 Eugenio Clerico , Tyler Farghly , George Deligiannidis , Benjamin Guedj , Arnaud Doucet

One of the defining properties of deep learning is that models are chosen to have many more parameters than available training data. In light of this capacity for overfitting, it is remarkable that simple algorithms like SGD reliably return…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-10-20 Gintare Karolina Dziugaite , Daniel M. Roy

Both PAC-Bayesian and Sample Compress learning frameworks are instrumental for deriving tight (non-vacuous) generalization bounds for neural networks. We leverage these results in a meta-learning scheme, relying on a hypernetwork that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-06-06 Benjamin Leblanc , Mathieu Bazinet , Nathaniel D'Amours , Alexandre Drouin , Pascal Germain

We make three related contributions motivated by the challenge of training stochastic neural networks, particularly in a PAC-Bayesian setting: (1) we show how averaging over an ensemble of stochastic neural networks enables a new class of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-16 Felix Biggs , Benjamin Guedj

Graph neural networks have demonstrated excellent applicability to a wide range of domains, including social networks, biological systems, recommendation systems, and wireless communications. Yet a principled theoretical understanding of…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-04-14 Xinping Yi

Generalization is a central concept in machine learning theory, yet for quantum models, it is predominantly analyzed through uniform bounds that depend on a model's overall capacity rather than the specific function learned. These…

We apply the PAC-Bayes theory to the setting of learning-to-optimize. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first framework to learn optimization algorithms with provable generalization guarantees (PAC-bounds) and explicit trade-off…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-16 Michael Sucker , Peter Ochs

Deep neural networks generalize well despite being heavily overparameterized, in apparent contradiction with classical learning theory based on uniform convergence over fixed hypothesis spaces. Uniform bounds over the entire parameter space…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-05-15 Hubert Leroux , Jean Marcus , Julien Roger

Recently the generalization error of deep neural networks has been analyzed through the PAC-Bayesian framework, for the case of fully connected layers. We adapt this approach to the convolutional setting.

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-04-24 Konstantinos Pitas , Mike Davies , Pierre Vandergheynst

Deep neural networks generalize well on unseen data though the number of parameters often far exceeds the number of training examples. Recently proposed complexity measures have provided insights to understanding the generalizability in…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-05-12 Jingling Li , Yanchao Sun , Jiahao Su , Taiji Suzuki , Furong Huang

Classical PAC generalization bounds on the prediction risk of a classifier are insufficient to provide theoretical guarantees on fairness when the goal is to learn models balancing predictive risk and fairness constraints. We propose a…

In this paper, we derive a PAC-Bayes bound on the generalisation gap, in a supervised time-series setting for a special class of discrete-time non-linear dynamical systems. This class includes stable recurrent neural networks (RNN), and the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-04-12 Deividas Eringis , John Leth , Zheng-Hua Tan , Rafal Wisniewski , Mihaly Petreczky

We use the PAC-Bayesian theory for the setting of learning-to-optimize. To the best of our knowledge, we present the first framework to learn optimization algorithms with provable generalization guarantees (PAC-Bayesian bounds) and explicit…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-26 Michael Sucker , Jalal Fadili , Peter Ochs
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