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This paper tackles the problem of training a deep convolutional neural network with both low-precision weights and low-bitwidth activations. Optimizing a low-precision network is very challenging since the training process can easily get…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-06-05 Bohan Zhuang , Chunhua Shen , Mingkui Tan , Lingqiao Liu , Ian Reid

We introduce a quantization-aware training algorithm that guarantees avoiding numerical overflow when reducing the precision of accumulators during inference. We leverage weight normalization as a means of constraining parameters during…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-02-01 Ian Colbert , Alessandro Pappalardo , Jakoba Petri-Koenig

Quantizing deep neural networks is an effective method for reducing memory consumption and improving inference speed, and is thus useful for implementation in resource-constrained devices. However, it is still hard for extremely low-bit…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-11-03 Kohei Yamamoto

Quantization is a widely used technique to compress and accelerate deep neural networks. However, conventional quantization methods use the same bit-width for all (or most of) the layers, which often suffer significant accuracy degradation…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2021-10-14 Weihan Chen , Peisong Wang , Jian Cheng

Deep neural networks have become ubiquitous for applications related to visual recognition and language understanding tasks. However, it is often prohibitive to use typical neural networks on devices like mobile phones or smart watches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-08-10 Sujith Ravi

State-of-the-art language models (LMs) represented by long-short term memory recurrent neural networks (LSTM-RNNs) and Transformers are becoming increasingly complex and expensive for practical applications. Low-bit neural network…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2021-12-22 Junhao Xu , Jianwei Yu , Shoukang Hu , Xunying Liu , Helen Meng

We consider learning deep neural networks (DNNs) that consist of low-precision weights and activations for efficient inference of fixed-point operations. In training low-precision networks, gradient descent in the backward pass is performed…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2020-05-26 Yoojin Choi , Mostafa El-Khamy , Jungwon Lee

Quantization is the key method for reducing inference latency, power and memory footprint of generative AI models. However, accuracy often degrades sharply when activations are quantized below eight bits. Recent work suggests that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-10-31 Marco Federici , Riccardo Del Chiaro , Boris van Breugel , Paul Whatmough , Markus Nagel

Tiny machine learning (tinyML) has emerged during the past few years aiming to deploy machine learning models to embedded AI processors with highly constrained memory and computation capacity. Low precision quantization is an important…

Quantization is an effective approach to reduce the memory footprint and inference cost of large language models (LLMs), yet maintaining performance in the ultra-low-bit regime remains challenging. Existing post-training methods often…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Phong Nam Huu Nguyen , Khoi M. Le , Cong-Duy T Nguyen , Anh Tuan Luu , Thong Thanh Nguyen , Tho Quan

Quantized Neural Networks (QNNs), which use low bitwidth numbers for representing parameters and performing computations, have been proposed to reduce the computation complexity, storage size and memory usage. In QNNs, parameters and…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2017-06-23 Shuchang Zhou , Yuzhi Wang , He Wen , Qinyao He , Yuheng Zou

Mixed-precision quantization (MPQ) is crucial for deploying deep neural networks on resource-constrained devices, but finding the optimal bit-width for each layer represents a complex combinatorial optimization problem. Current…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-24 Mehmet Emre Akbulut , Hazem Hesham Yousef Shalby , Fabrizio Pittorino , Manuel Roveri

Deep neural networks (DNNs) can be made hardware-efficient by reducing the numerical precision of the weights and activations of the network and by improving the network's resilience to noise. However, this gain in efficiency often comes at…

Although weight and activation quantization is an effective approach for Deep Neural Network (DNN) compression and has a lot of potentials to increase inference speed leveraging bit-operations, there is still a noticeable gap in terms of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-07-27 Dongqing Zhang , Jiaolong Yang , Dongqiangzi Ye , Gang Hua

Although deep neural networks are highly effective, their high computational and memory costs severely challenge their applications on portable devices. As a consequence, low-bit quantization, which converts a full-precision neural network…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-12-02 Jiwei Yang , Xu Shen , Jun Xing , Xinmei Tian , Houqiang Li , Bing Deng , Jianqiang Huang , Xiansheng Hua

Convolutional neural networks require significant memory bandwidth and storage for intermediate computations, apart from substantial computing resources. Neural network quantization has significant benefits in reducing the amount of…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2019-05-30 Ron Banner , Yury Nahshan , Elad Hoffer , Daniel Soudry

The rapid growth of microcontroller-based IoT devices has opened up numerous applications, from smart manufacturing to personalized healthcare. Despite the widespread adoption of energy-efficient microcontroller units (MCUs) in the Tiny…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-09-26 Giorgos Armeniakos , Georgios Mentzos , Dimitrios Soudris

Mixed Precision Quantization (MPQ) has become an essential technique for optimizing neural network by determining the optimal bitwidth per layer. Existing MPQ methods, however, face a major hurdle: they require a computationally expensive…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2025-05-20 Lianbo Ma , Jianlun Ma , Yuee Zhou , Guoyang Xie , Qiang He , Zhichao Lu

Deploying neural networks on microcontroller units (MCUs) presents substantial challenges due to their constrained computation and memory resources. Previous researches have explored patch-based inference as a strategy to conserve memory…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2024-01-26 Wei Tao , Shenglin He , Kai Lu , Xiaoyang Qu , Guokuan Li , Jiguang Wan , Jianzong Wang , Jing Xiao

In this paper, we introduce a method to compress intermediate feature maps of deep neural networks (DNNs) to decrease memory storage and bandwidth requirements during inference. Unlike previous works, the proposed method is based on…

Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition · Computer Science 2018-08-17 Denis A. Gudovskiy , Alec Hodgkinson , Luca Rigazio