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Gravitational memory effects are predictions of general relativity that are characterized by an observable effect that persists after the passage of gravitational waves. In recent years, they have garnered particular interest, both due to…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-07-30 Alexander M. Grant , Keefe Mitman

Gravitational wave bursts produced by supermassive binary black hole mergers will leave a persistent imprint on the space-time metric. Such gravitational wave memory signals are detectable by pulsar timing arrays as a glitch event that…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-11 Jingbo Wang , G. Hobbs , Na Wang

Gravitational-wave displacement memory is a remarkable and ubiquitous phenomenon predicted by general relativity, which has not yet been detected. Unlike the oscillatory components of gravitational waveforms, displacement memory is…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-14 Yan Cao , Yong-Liang Ma , Yong Tang

Anisotropic bursts of gravitational radiation produced by events such as super-massive black hole mergers leave permanent imprints on space. Such gravitational wave "memory" (GWM) signals are, in principle, detectable through pulsar timing…

In this article, we compare in detail the linear and nonlinear approach to the Gravitational Waves Displacement and Velocity Memory (GWDM and GWVM) effects. We consider astrophysical situations that give rise to gravitational waves with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-06-21 Lydia Bieri , Alexander Polnarev

We investigate motion of test particles in exact spacetimes with an expanding impulsive gravitational wave which propagates in Minkowski, de Sitter or anti-de Sitter universe. Using the continuous form of these metrics we derive explicit…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2010-12-23 Jiri Podolsky , Robert Svarc

Memory effects in the exact Kundt wave spacetimes are shown to arise in the behaviour of geodesics in such spacetimes. The types of Kundt spacetimes we consider here are direct products of the form $H^2\times M(1,1)$ and $S^2\times M(1,1)$.…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-22 Indranil Chakraborty , Sayan Kar

In general relativity, gravitational memory describes the lasting change in the separation and relative velocity of freely falling detectors after the passage of gravitational waves (GWs). In this paper, we elucidate the relation between…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-06-17 Valerio De Luca , Justin Khoury , Sam S. C. Wong

The emission of light pulses is expected to generate gravitational waves, opening the possibility of controlling gravity in an Earthed laboratory. However, measuring the optically-driven spacetime deformations is challenging due to the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-07-29 Riccardo Falcone , Claudio Conti

The article deals with photon propagation in pp-wave spacetimes in the strong gravitational-wave regime and its consequences for redshift measurements. We show that null geodesics crossing a localized pp-wave pulse exhibit an energy memory…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-04-15 F. L. Carneiro , S. C. Ulhoa , J. W. Maluf

Gravitational waves are predicted by the general theory of relativity. In [6] D. Christodoulou showed that gravitational waves have a nonlinear memory. We proved in [3] that the electromagnetic field contributes at highest order to the…

Differential Geometry · Mathematics 2011-06-10 Lydia Bieri , PoNing Chen , Shing-Tung Yau

Some astrophysical sources of gravitational waves can produce a "memory effect," which causes a permanent displacement of the test masses in a freely falling gravitational-wave detector. The Christodoulou memory is a particularly…

Solar and Stellar Astrophysics · Physics 2009-04-25 Marc Favata

Gravitational memory is a zero-frequency effect associated with a permanent change in the asymptotic spacetime metric induced by radiation. Although its universal manifestation is a net change in the proper distances between freely falling…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2026-05-06 Jann Zosso , Lorena Magaña Zertuche , Silvia Gasparotto , Adrien Cogez , Henri Inchauspé , Milo Jacobs

The transit of a gravitating radiation pulse past arrays of detectors stationed near future null infinity in the vacuum is considered. It is shown that the relative positions and clock times of the detectors before and after the radiation…

High Energy Physics - Theory · Physics 2014-11-24 Andrew Strominger , Alexander Zhiboedov

Future searches for a gravitational-wave background using Earth-based gravitational-wave detectors might be impacted by correlated noise sources. A well known example are the Schumann resonances, which are extensively studied in the context…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2022-04-20 Kamiel Janssens , Thomas A. Callister , Nelson Christensen , Michael W. Coughlin , Ioannis Michaloliakos , Jishnu Suresh , Nick van Remortel

Displacement and velocity memory effects in the exact, vacuum, plane gravitational wave line element have been studied recently by looking at the behaviour of pairs of geodesics or via geodesic deviation. Instead, one may investigate the…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-03-18 Indranil Chakraborty , Sayan Kar

The memory effect in gravitational waves is a direct prediction of general relativity. The presence of the memory effect in gravitational wave signals not only serves as a test for general relativity but also establishes connections between…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2024-01-23 Shuo Sun , Changfu Shi , Jian-dong Zhang , Jianwei Mei

In this paper, we study the gravitational wave (GW) memory effect for a black hole embedded in a dark matter halo described by a Hernquist-type density profile, both with and without a spike. We first solve the geodesic equations in this…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2025-10-02 Soumya Bhattacharya , Chiranjeeb Singha

Highly energetic astrophysical phenomena like supermassive black hole binary (SMBHB) mergers are predicted to emit prodigious amounts of gravitational waves (GWs). An anticipated component of the gravitational waveform known as "memory" is…

High Energy Astrophysical Phenomena · Physics 2015-06-19 D. R. Madison , J. M. Cordes , S. Chatterjee

Gravitational waves (GWs) produce small distortions in the observable distribution of stars in the sky. We describe the characteristic pattern of astrometric deflections created by a specific gravitational waveform called a burst with…

General Relativity and Quantum Cosmology · Physics 2020-07-27 Dustin R. Madison