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We propose a learning setting in which unlabeled data is free, and the cost of a label depends on its value, which is not known in advance. We study binary classification in an extreme case, where the algorithm only pays for negative…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-07-14 Sivan Sabato , Anand D. Sarwate , Nathan Srebro

Recently, several studies have investigated active learning (AL) for natural language processing tasks to alleviate data dependency. However, for query selection, most of these studies mainly rely on uncertainty-based sampling, which…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2020-11-30 Yekyung Kim

A binary classifier capable of abstaining from making a label prediction has two goals in tension: minimizing errors, and avoiding abstaining unnecessarily often. In this work, we exactly characterize the best achievable tradeoff between…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-11-30 Akshay Balsubramani

Active Learning (AL) has garnered significant interest across various application domains where labeling training data is costly. AL provides a framework that helps practitioners query informative samples for annotation by oracles…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-12-16 Pouya Ahadi , Blair Winograd , Camille Zaug , Karunesh Arora , Lijun Wang , Kamran Paynabar

Conventional active learning algorithms assume a single labeler that produces noiseless label at a given, fixed cost, and aim to achieve the best generalization performance for given classifier under a budget constraint. However, in many…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-05-25 Ruijiang Gao , Maytal Saar-tsechansky

Active learning is of great interest for many practical applications, especially in industry and the physical sciences, where there is a strong need to minimize the number of costly experiments necessary to train predictive models. However,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-12-23 Maryam Pardakhti , Nila Mandal , Anson W. K. Ma , Qian Yang

State-of-the-art machine learning models require access to significant amount of annotated data in order to achieve the desired level of performance. While unlabelled data can be largely available and even abundant, annotation process can…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-10-15 Rahaf Aljundi , Nikolay Chumerin , Daniel Olmeda Reino

Active learning (AL) aims to enable training high performance classifiers with low annotation cost by predicting which subset of unlabelled instances would be most beneficial to label. The importance of AL has motivated extensive research,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Kunkun Pang , Mingzhi Dong , Yang Wu , Timothy Hospedales

Gathering training data is a key step of any supervised learning task, and it is both critical and expensive. Critical, because the quantity and quality of the training data has a high impact on the performance of the learned function.…

Data Structures and Algorithms · Computer Science 2021-10-28 Quentin Lutz , Élie de Panafieu , Alex Scott , Maya Stein

We consider active learning with logged data, where labeled examples are drawn conditioned on a predetermined logging policy, and the goal is to learn a classifier on the entire population, not just conditioned on the logging policy. Prior…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-06-14 Songbai Yan , Kamalika Chaudhuri , Tara Javidi

Active learning aims to select samples to be annotated that yield the largest performance improvement for the learning algorithm. Many methods approach this problem by measuring the informativeness of samples and do this based on the…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-08-02 Javad Zolfaghari Bengar , Bogdan Raducanu , Joost van de Weijer

The goal of active learning is to achieve the same accuracy achievable by passive learning, while using much fewer labels. Exponential savings in terms of label complexity have been proved in very special cases, but fundamental lower bounds…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2026-01-01 Yinglun Zhu , Robert Nowak

Active learning (AL) combines data labeling and model training to minimize the labeling cost by prioritizing the selection of high value data that can best improve model performance. In pool-based active learning, accessible unlabeled data…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-07-21 Mingfei Gao , Zizhao Zhang , Guo Yu , Sercan O. Arik , Larry S. Davis , Tomas Pfister

Complementary-label learning is a weakly supervised learning problem in which each training example is associated with one or multiple complementary labels indicating the classes to which it does not belong. Existing consistent approaches…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-10-14 Wei Wang , Takashi Ishida , Yu-Jie Zhang , Gang Niu , Masashi Sugiyama

We study the problem of learning an adversarially robust predictor to test time attacks in the semi-supervised PAC model. We address the question of how many labeled and unlabeled examples are required to ensure learning. We show that…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-05-07 Idan Attias , Steve Hanneke , Yishay Mansour

Motivated by applications in protein function prediction, we consider a challenging supervised classification setting in which positive labels are scarce and there are no explicit negative labels. The learning algorithm must thus select…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2019-01-28 Marco Frasca , Nicolò Cesa-Bianchi

Social scientists often classify text documents to use the resulting labels as an outcome or a predictor in empirical research. Automated text classification has become a standard tool, since it requires less human coding. However, scholars…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2025-05-14 Mitchell Bosley , Saki Kuzushima , Ted Enamorado , Yuki Shiraito

Learning from positive and unlabeled data (PU learning) is a weakly supervised variant of binary classification in which the learner receives labels only for (some) positively labeled instances, while all other examples remain unlabeled.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-03 Farnam Mansouri , Sandra Zilles , Shai Ben-David

Active learning (AL) is a prominent technique for reducing the annotation effort required for training machine learning models. Deep learning offers a solution for several essential obstacles to deploying AL in practice but introduces many…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2022-05-10 Akim Tsvigun , Artem Shelmanov , Gleb Kuzmin , Leonid Sanochkin , Daniil Larionov , Gleb Gusev , Manvel Avetisian , Leonid Zhukov

We consider the problem of wisely using a limited budget to label a small subset of a large unlabeled dataset. We are motivated by the NLP problem of word sense disambiguation. For any word, we have a set of candidate labels from a…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2020-11-04 Jason Hartford , Kevin Leyton-Brown , Hadas Raviv , Dan Padnos , Shahar Lev , Barak Lenz