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Stochastic Gradient Descent (SGD) is a workhorse in machine learning, yet its slow convergence can be a computational bottleneck. Variance reduction techniques such as SAG, SVRG and SAGA have been proposed to overcome this weakness,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2016-02-29 Thomas Hofmann , Aurelien Lucchi , Simon Lacoste-Julien , Brian McWilliams

Risk-sensitive reinforcement learning (RL) is crucial for maintaining reliable performance in high-stakes applications. While traditional RL methods aim to learn a point estimate of the random cumulative cost, distributional RL (DRL) seeks…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-02-03 Minheng Xiao , Xian Yu , Lei Ying

In this paper, we consider to improve the stochastic variance reduce gradient (SVRG) method via incorporating the curvature information of the objective function. We propose to reduce the variance of stochastic gradients using the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2022-08-24 Hardik Tankaria , Nobuo Yamashita

Variance reduced stochastic gradient (SGD) methods converge significantly faster than the vanilla SGD counterpart. However, these methods are not very practical on large scale problems, as they either i) require frequent passes over the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2018-10-17 Anant Raj , Sebastian U. Stich

We propose an extragradient method with stepsizes bounded away from zero for stochastic variational inequalities requiring only pseudo-monotonicity. We provide convergence and complexity analysis, allowing for an unbounded feasible set,…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-03-02 Alfredo Iusem , Alejandro Jofré , Roberto I. Oliveira , Philip Thompson

In this work, we introduce a stochastic maximum principle (SMP) approach for solving the reinforcement learning problem with the assumption that the unknowns in the environment can be parameterized based on physics knowledge. For the…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2023-06-14 Richard Archibald , Feng Bao , Jiongmin Yong

Experience replay is a foundational technique in reinforcement learning that enhances learning stability by storing past experiences in a replay buffer and reusing them during training. Despite its practical success, its theoretical…

Machine Learning · Statistics 2025-11-14 Jiale Han , Xiaowu Dai , Yuhua Zhu

The theory of continuous-time reinforcement learning (RL) has progressed rapidly in recent years. While the ultimate objective of RL is typically to learn deterministic control policies, most existing continuous-time RL methods rely on…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-03-17 Ziheng Cheng , Xin Guo , Yufei Zhang

Reinforcement Learning with Verifiable Rewards (RLVR) has emerged as a powerful paradigm for post-training large reasoning models (LRMs) using policy-gradient methods such as GRPO. To stabilize training, these methods typically center…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-19 Guanning Zeng , Zhaoyi Zhou , Daman Arora , Andrea Zanette

We propose a new way of deriving policy gradient updates for reinforcement learning. Our technique, based on Fourier analysis, recasts integrals that arise with expected policy gradients as convolutions and turns them into multiplications.…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2018-05-31 Matthew Fellows , Kamil Ciosek , Shimon Whiteson

SGD (Stochastic Gradient Descent) is a popular algorithm for large scale optimization problems due to its low iterative cost. However, SGD can not achieve linear convergence rate as FGD (Full Gradient Descent) because of the inherent…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2017-12-05 Aixiang Chen , Bingchuan Chen , Xiaolong Chai , Rui Bian , Hengguang Li

Standard on-policy reinforcement learning relies on heuristic clipping to enforce trust regions, but this mechanism imposes a severe cost by indiscriminately truncating high-return yet high-divergence updates. We demonstrate that explicitly…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-05-27 Yu Luo , Shuo Han , Yihan Hu , Lei Lv , Huaping Liu , Fuchun Sun , Jianye Hao , Dong Li

Recent advances in reinforcement learning with verifiable rewards (RLVR) show that large language models enhance their reasoning abilities when trained with verifiable signals. However, due to reward sparsity, effectiveness depends heavily…

Computation and Language · Computer Science 2026-01-27 Sanghwan Bae , Jiwoo Hong , Min Young Lee , Hanbyul Kim , JeongYeon Nam , Donghyun Kwak

We consider the traffic control problem of dynamic routing over parallel servers, which arises in a variety of engineering systems such as transportation and data transmission. We propose a semi-gradient, on-policy algorithm that learns an…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2025-03-20 Yidan Wu , Yu Yu , Jianan Zhang , Li Jin

We study the off-policy evaluation (OPE) problem in reinforcement learning with linear function approximation, which aims to estimate the value function of a target policy based on the offline data collected by a behavior policy. We propose…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-01-05 Yifei Min , Tianhao Wang , Dongruo Zhou , Quanquan Gu

We provide performance guarantees for a variant of simulation-based policy iteration for controlling Markov decision processes that involves the use of stochastic approximation algorithms along with state-of-the-art techniques that are…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-10-17 Anna Winnicki , R. Srikant

Various acceleration approaches for Policy Gradient (PG) have been analyzed within the realm of Reinforcement Learning (RL). However, the theoretical understanding of the widely used momentum-based acceleration method on PG remains largely…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-06-07 Yen-Ju Chen , Nai-Chieh Huang , Ching-Pei Lee , Ping-Chun Hsieh

Despite extreme sample inefficiency, on-policy reinforcement learning, aka policy gradients, has become a fundamental tool in decision-making problems. With the recent advances in GPU-driven simulation, the ability to collect large amounts…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2024-07-30 Jayesh Singla , Ananye Agarwal , Deepak Pathak

Many reinforcement learning (RL) algorithms are impractical for training in operational systems or computationally expensive high-fidelity simulations, as they require large amounts of data. Meanwhile, low-fidelity simulators, e.g.,…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2026-02-13 Xinjie Liu , Cyrus Neary , Kushagra Gupta , Wesley A. Suttle , Christian Ellis , Ufuk Topcu , David Fridovich-Keil

We consider the problem of online reinforcement learning for the Stochastic Shortest Path (SSP) problem modeled as an unknown MDP with an absorbing state. We propose PSRL-SSP, a simple posterior sampling-based reinforcement learning…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2021-06-11 Mehdi Jafarnia-Jahromi , Liyu Chen , Rahul Jain , Haipeng Luo