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Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) drive industrial processes critical to society, for example, water treatment and distribution, electricity and fuel networks. Search engines, e.g., Shodan, have highlighted that PLCs are often left…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-02-25 Karen Li , Kopo M. Ramokapane , Awais Rashid

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) execute critical control software that drives Industrial Automation and Control Systems (IACS). PLCs can become easy targets for cyber-adversaries as they are resource-constrained and are usually built…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-01-07 Awais Tanveer , Roopak Sinha , Stephen G. MacDonell , Paulo Leitao , Valeriy Vyatkin

Effectiveness of information security of automated process control systems, as well as of SCADA, depends on data transmissions protection technologies applied on transport environments components. This article investigates the problem of…

Attack detection problems in the smart grid are posed as statistical learning problems for different attack scenarios in which the measurements are observed in batch or online settings. In this approach, machine learning algorithms are used…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2015-03-24 Mete Ozay , Inaki Esnaola , Fatos T. Yarman Vural , Sanjeev R. Kulkarni , H. Vincent Poor

Operationalizing machine learning based security detections is extremely challenging, especially in a continuously evolving cloud environment. Conventional anomaly detection does not produce satisfactory results for analysts that are…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-09-22 Ram Shankar Siva Kumar , Andrew Wicker , Matt Swann

Hacking and false data injection from adversaries can threaten power grids' everyday operations and cause significant economic loss. Anomaly detection in power grids aims to detect and discriminate anomalies caused by cyber attacks against…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2023-03-14 Xijuan Sun , Di Wu , Arnaud Zinflou , Benoit Boulet

In the world today computer networks have a very important position and most of the urban and national infrastructure as well as organizations are managed by computer networks, therefore, the security of these systems against the planned…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2018-12-14 Amir Moradibaad , Ramin Jalilian Mashhoud

It is critical to secure the Industrial Internet of Things (IIoT) devices because of potentially devastating consequences in case of an attack. Machine learning and big data analytics are the two powerful leverages for analyzing and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-11-15 Maede Zolanvari , Marcio A. Teixeira , Lav Gupta , Khaled M. Khan , Raj Jain

The emerging wide area monitoring systems (WAMS) have brought significant improvements in electric grids' situational awareness. However, the newly introduced system can potentially increase the risk of cyber-attacks, which may be disguised…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-08-26 Gabriel Intriago , Yu Zhang

Consider a stochastic process being controlled across a communication channel. The control signal that is transmitted across the control channel can be replaced by a malicious attacker. The controller is allowed to implement any arbitrary…

Optimization and Control · Mathematics 2017-04-05 Cheng-Zong Bai , Fabio Pasqualetti , Vijay Gupta

Machine learning (ML)-based intrusion detection systems (IDS) are vulnerable to adversarial attacks. It is crucial for an IDS to learn to recognize adversarial examples before malicious entities exploit them. In this paper, we generated…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2025-05-07 Abdul Mustafa , Muhammad Talha Khan , Muhammad Azmi Umer , Zaki Masood , Chuadhry Mujeeb Ahmed

Process Control Systems (PCSs) are the operating core of Critical Infrastructures (CIs). As such, anomaly detection has been an active research field to ensure CI normal operation. Previous approaches have leveraged network level data for…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2017-06-07 Mikel Iturbe , José Camacho , Iñaki Garitano , Urko Zurutuza , Roberto Uribeetxeberria

The continuous monitoring of the interactions between cyber-physical components of any industrial control system (ICS) is required to secure automation of the system controls, and to guarantee plant processes are fail-safe and remain in an…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2026-04-09 Sarad Venugopalan , Sridhar Adepu

Advanced Persistent Threats (APTs) are among the most challenging cyberattacks to detect. They are carried out by highly skilled attackers who carefully study their targets and operate in a stealthy, long-term manner. Because APTs exhibit…

Since the early 1960, industrial process control has been applied by electric systems. In the mid 1970's, the term SCADA emerged, describing the automated control and data acquisition. Since most industrial and automation networks were…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-23 Simon Duque Anton , Daniel Fraunholz , Christoph Lipps , Frederic Pohl , Marc Zimmermann , Hans D. Schotten

Programmable Logic Controllers (PLCs) play a critical role in the industrial control systems. Vulnerabilities in PLC programs might lead to attacks causing devastating consequences to the critical infrastructure, as shown in Stuxnet and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2021-03-24 Ruimin Sun , Alejandro Mera , Long Lu , David Choffnes

The increasing interaction of industrial control systems (ICSs) with public networks and digital devices introduces new cyber threats to power systems and other critical infrastructure. Recent cyber-physical attacks such as Stuxnet and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2023-01-04 Nils Müller , Charalampos Ziras , Kai Heussen

This paper presents a novel data-driven framework to aid in system state estimation when the power system is under unobservable false data injection attacks. The proposed framework dynamically detects and classifies false data injection…

Machine Learning · Computer Science 2022-12-02 Ehsan Hallaji , Roozbeh Razavi-Far , Meng Wang , Mehrdad Saif , Bruce Fardanesh

In this era of internet, E-Business and e-commerce applications are using Databases as their integral part. These Databases irrespective of the technology used are vulnerable to SQL injection attacks. These Attacks are considered very…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2020-09-30 Israr Ali , Syed Hasan Adil , Mansoor Ebrahim

In the context of the Industrial Internet of Things, communication technology, originally used in home and office environments, is introduced into industrial applications. Commercial off-the-shelf products, as well as unified and…

Cryptography and Security · Computer Science 2019-05-29 Simon Duque Anton , Suneetha Kanoor , Daniel Fraunholz , Hans Dieter Schotten