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Network Control Systems (NAC) have been used in many industrial processes. They aim to reduce the human factor burden and efficiently handle the complex process and communication of those systems. Supervisory control and data acquisition…
Attacks on industrial enterprises are increasing in number as well as in effect. Since the introduction of industrial control systems in the 1970's, industrial networks have been the target of malicious actors. More recently, the political…
Neural networks are increasingly used for intrusion detection on industrial control systems (ICS). With neural networks being vulnerable to adversarial examples, attackers who wish to cause damage to an ICS can attempt to hide their attacks…
Traditional intrusion detection systems (IDSs) often rely on either network traffic or process data, but this single-source approach may miss complex attack patterns that span multiple layers within industrial control systems (ICSs) or…
SCADA protocols for Industrial Control Systems (ICS) are vulnerable to network attacks such as session hijacking. Hence, research focuses on network anomaly detection based on meta--data (message sizes, timing, command sequence), or on the…
Over the past few decades, Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) have been targeted by cyberattacks and are becoming increasingly vulnerable as more ICSs are connected to the internet. Using Machine Learning (ML) for Intrusion Detection Systems…
Methods from machine learning are being applied to design Industrial Control Systems resilient to cyber-attacks. Such methods focus on two major areas: the detection of intrusions at the network-level using the information acquired through…
Over the past decade, industrial control systems have experienced a massive integration with information technologies. Industrial networks have undergone numerous technical transformations to protect operational and production processes,…
Modern Supervisory Control and Data Acquisition SCADA systems used by the electric utility industry to monitor and control electric power generation, transmission and distribution are recognized today as critical components of the electric…
Industrial Control Systems (ICSs) are becoming more and more important in managing the operation of many important systems in smart manufacturing, such as power stations, water supply systems, and manufacturing sites. While massive digital…
Industrial deployments increasingly rely on Open Platform Communications Unified Architecture (OPC UA) as a secure and platform-independent communication protocol, while private Fifth Generation (5G) networks provide low-latency and…
Machine learning and data mining algorithms play important roles in designing intrusion detection systems. Based on their approaches toward the detection of attacks in a network, intrusion detection systems can be broadly categorized into…
Anomaly-based intrusion detection promises to detect novel or unknown attacks on industrial control systems by modeling expected system behavior and raising corresponding alarms for any deviations.As manually creating these behavioral…
This study proposes an anomaly detection method for operational data of industrial control systems (ICSs). Sequence-to-sequence neural networks were applied to train and predict ICS operational data and interpret their time-series…
Industrial control systems are critical to the operation of industrial facilities, especially for critical infrastructures, such as refineries, power grids, and transportation systems. Similar to other information systems, a significant…
Industrial control system (ICS) operations use trusted endpoints like human machine interfaces (HMIs) and workstations to relay commands to programmable logic controllers (PLCs). Because most PLCs lack layered defenses, compromise of a…
Attackers have developed ever more sophisticated and intelligent ways to hack information and communication technology systems. The extent of damage an individual hacker can carry out upon infiltrating a system is well understood. A…
Programmable Logic Controllers are an integral component for managing many different industrial processes (e.g., smart building management, power generation, water and wastewater management, and traffic control systems), and manufacturing…
In this paper, we present a study that proposes a three-stage classifier model which employs a machine learning algorithm to develop an intrusion detection and identification system for tens of different types of attacks against industrial…
Due to the fourth industrial revolution, industrial applications make use of the progress in communication and embedded devices. This allows industrial users to increase efficiency and manageability while reducing cost and effort.…